{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:54:16Z","timestamp":1787320456377,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]],"date-time":"2013-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n This study evaluates the influence of several determinants on the presence of early childhood caries (\n ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in preschool children living in northern\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n ardinia,\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n taly. These determinants include the educational level and occupational status of the parents as a proxy for the socioeconomical level (\n SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and behavioral factors (dietary and oral hygiene).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n An observational cross\u2010sectional study was designed with a dental examination and a standardized questionnaire. Five hundred forty\u2010four subjects (260 girls and 284 boys) were enrolled and categorized into two age groups: 359 children were aged 18\u201047 months and 185 children were aged 48\u201060 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The total caries prevalence was 15.99%. Caries risk increased with lower parents' educational level (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01), increased number of siblings (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.01), the use of bottle feeding (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02), and the use of a sweetened baby's pacifier at night (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01). In robust multivariate analysis, a high parental educational level played a protective role on the presence of caries lesion [odds ratio (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2009=\u20090.51, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 0.34\u20100.78]; the mother's being employed had a positive statistically significant association with the child having decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces\u2009=\u20090 (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.64, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.23\u20100.97). The presence of more than one sibling in the family was associated with caries (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.70, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.20\u20102.40).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\n prevalence evaluated was similar to other western countries, and\n SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n and behavioral habits influence the development of\n ECC<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T22:12:20Z","timestamp":1381529540000},"page":"147-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Early childhood caries and associated determinants: a cross\u2010sectional study on Italian preschool children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Congiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences Dental School University of Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Campus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences Dental School University of Sassari Sassari Italy"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre of Milan for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences Dental School University of Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Spano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences Dental School University of Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Cagetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre of Milan for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietrina Francesca","family":"Lugli\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences Dental School University of Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-12-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Determinants of ECC in Sardinian preschool children","volume":"24","author":"Campus G","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"686","article-title":"Oral health information systems \u2013 towards measuring progress in oral health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"83","author":"Petersen PE","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Determinants of health in children and the problem of early childhood caries","volume":"25","author":"Ismail AI","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2011.01644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Caries and associated factors in a group of Swedish children 2\u20103 years of age","volume":"30","author":"Bankel M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009005552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446-200505000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000189704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1527-3369(03)00034-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000084792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00782_1.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"Italian National Office of Statistics. 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