{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:04:37Z","timestamp":1772809477925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are reports showing higher prevalence of enamel fluorosis among African\u2010American children. This study was conducted to assess whether the effect of water fluoride level on enamel fluorosis is different among different race\/ethnicity groups among US school children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the National Survey of Oral Health of US School Children 1986\u20101987 were analyzed to determine the prevalence of enamel fluorosis among 7\u201017 year\u2010old children. The association between race\/ethnicity and enamel fluorosis was examined using logistic regression modeling after controlling for potential confounders age, gender, water fluoridation, other sources of fluoride, and region of residence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of very mild to severe enamel fluorosis was 20.8 (95% CI, 15.4, 26.3) and 25.7 (95% CI, 15.0, 36.5) percent among non\u2010Hispanic White and non\u2010Hispanic Black children, respectively. Neither the adjusted odds ratio of 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) for the non\u2010Hispanic Black group nor the interaction effect between non\u2010Hispanic Black and water fluoridation were statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enamel fluorosis was not associated with race\/ethnicity. Our analysis suggests that exposure to similar levels of fluoride in the water does not appear to place certain race\/ethnic groups at a higher risk for developing enamel fluorosis, and lowering the optimal range of drinking water fluoride to a single value of 0.7 ppm will provide a level of protection against enamel fluorosis that will benefit all race\/ethnicity groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T10:46:45Z","timestamp":1511520405000},"page":"95-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Does water fluoridation affect the prevalence of enamel fluorosis differently among racial and ethnic groups?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Shivani","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayanth V.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health, Chronic Disease Control Branch Sacramento CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark Eric","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECU School of Dental Medicine Greenville NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for Dental Caries, Dental Sealants, Tooth Retention, Edentulism, and Enamel Fluorosis \u2010 United States, 1988\u20131994 and 1999\u20132002","volume":"54","author":"Beltr\u00e1n\u2010Aguilar ED","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2010.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.12.1866"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.12.1408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1962.0307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008819"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1997.tb02964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Dental caries and fluorine","author":"Dean HT.","year":"1946"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Dental Research.Oral health of United States children. The National Survey of Oral Health in U.S. School Children 1986\u20131987. Public\u2010use data file documentation and survey methodology.Bethesda MD:National Institutes of Health;1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(97)00051-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514548705"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphd.12258","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jphd.12258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T20:29:29Z","timestamp":1695414569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jphd.12258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jphd.12258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphd.12258","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4006","1752-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4006","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]]}}}