{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T04:30:46Z","timestamp":1784349046324,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01ES022844\/RD83543601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01ES022844\/RD83543601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES017885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES017885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42\u2010ES05947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42\u2010ES05947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES007821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES007821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES021446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES021446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between lead exposure within the ages of 1\u20134\u2009years and dental caries in the permanent dentition between ages 9\u201317 among Mexican youth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected for the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort from a group of 490 children born and reared in Mexico City. Among ages 1\u20134\u2009years, blood lead levels were measured in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (\u03bcg\/dL) and the presence of caries in adolescence was determined using the International Caries and Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The relationship between blood levels of lead and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (DMFS) was examined using negative binomial regression. Covariates were selected based on previous studies and included age, gender, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, body mass index, and diet. The nonlinear relationship between lead and DMFS was examined using smoothing splines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean overall blood lead level (BLL) was 4.83\u2009\u03bcg\/dL (S.D. of 2.2). The mean overall caries level (DMFS) was 4.1. No statistically significant association was found between early childhood blood lead levels and dental caries in adolescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows a lack of association between exposure to lead between the ages of 1\u20134\u2009years of age and dental caries in permanent dentition later in life. Other covariates, such as age and sugar consumption, appeared to play a more prominent role in caries development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T13:02:02Z","timestamp":1596114122000},"page":"297-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Blood levels of lead and dental caries in permanent teeth"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan F.","family":"Yepes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayme","family":"McCormick\u2010Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric dentist in private practice  Terre Haute IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaQuia A.","family":"Vinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Indiana University  Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica C.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha M.","family":"T\u00e9llez\u2010Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health in Mexico  Cuernavaca Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza Angeles Martinez","family":"Mier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health Indiana University School of Dentistry  Indianapolis IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3431303"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lead in drinking water and human blood lead levels in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Brown MJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90351-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(96)05313-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-40.2.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.021100625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.24.2294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP1308751C"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Calcium and magnesium content in hard tissues of rats under condition of subchronic lead intoxication","volume":"21","author":"Tatjana Todorovic DV","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2001.65.10.tb03448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"6419709","article-title":"Evaluation of metal ion concentration in hard tissues of teeth in residents of Central Poland","volume":"2017","author":"Piotr Wychowanski KM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"702","article-title":"Relation between lead in surface tooth enamel, blood, and saliva from children residing in the vicinity of a non\u2010ferrous metal Plant in Belgium","volume":"48","author":"Cleymaet R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brit J Indus Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.08.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1203","volume-title":"Microscopy: advances in scientific research and education","author":"Jablonski\u2010Momeni A","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"\"Development of ICCMSTM.ICDAS \u2010 What Is ICDAS. ICDAS Foundation n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.https:\/\/www.icdas.org\/what-is-icdas."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-28745-6.00028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","volume-title":"Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence","author":"Casamassimo PS","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dental caries throughout life","volume":"18","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2001","journal-title":"NIH Consensus Statement"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517696457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910208100812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016355308993925"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2005.tb00040.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphd.12384","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jphd.12384","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jphd.12384","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jphd.12384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T11:14:08Z","timestamp":1693826048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jphd.12384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jphd.12384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphd.12384","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4006","1752-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4006","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}