{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:22:01Z","timestamp":1791919321241,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aimed to review the safety and effectiveness of professionally applied fluorides for preventing and arresting dental caries in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized controlled trials conducted in LMICs, in which professionally applied fluorides were compared with placebo\/no treatment\/health education only or usual care with a minimum one\u2010year follow\u2010up period, were included. Any topically applied fluoride agents such as sodium fluoride (NaF), acidulated phosphate fluoride, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and nano silver fluoride (NSF) were included. Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2022. Meta\u2010analysis was conducted using a random effect model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review included 33 studies for qualitative synthesis, encompassing 16,375 children aged between 1.5 and 14\u2009years. Nevertheless, the meta\u2010analysis focused on only 17 studies, involving 4067 children. Fourteen papers assessed potential adverse events, none of which was reported as major adverse events. SDF and NSF were identified as effective in arresting caries on primary teeth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared with a placebo or no treatment. Fluoride varnish and gel were identified as effective in reducing new caries development on primary teeth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but not on permanent teeth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The certainty of the generated evidence obtained is low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review provides valuable insights into the use of professionally applied fluorides in LMICs and contributes to recommendations for their use. However, the limited rigorous evidence suggests the need for further research to strengthen these findings and draw more robust conclusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T08:29:21Z","timestamp":1713256161000},"page":"213-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Professionally applied fluorides for preventing and arresting dental caries in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries: Systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0762-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manori","family":"Dhanapriyanka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health  Colombo 10 Sri Lanka"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamini","family":"Kosgallana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health  Colombo 10 Sri Lanka"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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