{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T08:10:00Z","timestamp":1773735000040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15DE031428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15DE031428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional fluoride treatment effectively reduces caries, but uptake remains low. This study identified factors associated with the report of professional fluoride treatment at dental visits (hereon referred to as fluoride treatment) among children aged 1\u201317 and examined state\u2010specific variation in its prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used the National Survey of Children's Health data from 2022 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200951,630). The primary outcome was fluoride treatment. Chi\u2010square tests examined associations between the outcome and sociodemographic and other included variables, and a logistic regression model was used to obtain adjusted odds ratio estimates. State\u2010specific prevalence of fluoride treatment was estimated for all 50 US states and DC, and 2022 estimates were compared with 2017 to examine differences. All analyses were weighted, accounting for the complex survey design.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall fluoride treatment prevalence in 2022 was 45.7%, and 32.7% of children had a preventive dental visit, but did not receive fluoride treatment. Children aged 1\u20135, non\u2010Hispanic Black, non\u2010Hispanic Asian and other, uninsured, in fair or poor health, with no preventive medical visit, living in low\u2010income households, or with less\u2010educated parents had a significantly lower report of fluoride treatment compared to their counterparts. State\u2010specific fluoride treatment prevalence in 2022 varied widely. Compared to 2017, three states saw an increase and four states saw a decrease in prevalence in 2022 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluoride treatment prevalence among US children remains low overall and varies greatly across states. To improve fluoride treatment uptake, dental and medical providers and parents should be educated about its importance and need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T05:14:17Z","timestamp":1754284457000},"page":"399-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Fluoride Treatments Among\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    Children, Associated Factors, and State\u2010Level Variation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5586-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shillpa","family":"Naavaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Policy School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaibhavi","family":"Mone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Policy School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Kennesaw State University  Kennesaw Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Oral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States: 1999\u20132004 to 2011\u20132016","author":"Lin M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14485\/HBPR.5.2.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion \u201cHealthy People\u2013Healthy People 2020 \u201d(2023) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/healthy_people\/hp2020.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion \u201cOral Health | Healthy People 2030 \u201d(2025) https:\/\/odphp.health.gov\/healthypeople\/objectives\u2010and\u2010data\/browse\u2010objectives\/oral\u2010conditions."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","article-title":"Fluoride Varnishes for Preventing Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents","volume":"2013","author":"Marinho V. 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O.","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Supplements"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"E.WilliamsandR.Rudowitz \u201cVariation in Use of Dental Services by Children and Adults Enrolled in Medicaid or CHIP \u201d(2024) KFF https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue\u2010brief\/variation\u2010in\u2010use\u2010of\u2010dental\u2010services\u2010by\u2010children\u2010and\u2010adults\u2010enrolled\u2010in\u2010medicaid\u2010or\u2010chip\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI) \u201c2022 National Survey of Children's Health: SAS Dataset. Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health Supported by Cooperative Agreement U59MC27866 From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) \u201d2024(2024) https:\/\/www.childhealthdata.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services \u201cOverview of the Dental and Oral Health Services Measures in the 2025 Child Adult and 1945a Health Home Core Sets \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/quality\u2010of\u2010care\/downloads\/dentaloralhealth\u2010ta\u2010resource.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"The Importance of the Age One Dental Visit","author":"Baker S. 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