{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T03:29:58Z","timestamp":1786332598667,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the significant opioid epidemic in the United States, we investigated opioid\u2010analgesic prescription trends and high\u2010risk prescriptions in Illinois between 2015\u20132022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the Illinois Prescription Monitoring Program were analyzed for opioid prescription rates and high\u2010risk prescriptions (i.e., multiple\u2010prescribing providers, concurrent benzodiazepine, \u2265\u200990MME dose). Demographics (sex, age, and rural\/urban classification using the Illinois Primary Health Care Association\u20102020) of high\u2010risk prescriptions between 2018\u20132020 were analyzed using chi\u2010square tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945,522,885 opioid prescriptions were dispensed in Illinois between 2015\u20132022, declining by 47.1% (from 140.5 rate in 2015 to 74.4 in 2022). High\u2010risk prescriptions comprise 12.6% of all prescriptions and decreased by 16.6% (from 16.9% in 2015 to 14.1% in 2022). Between 2018\u20132020, males received more high\u2010risk prescriptions than females, although both males and females showed a reduction in \u2265\u200990MME prescriptions (19.5% vs. 15.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and multiple\u2010provider prescriptions (36.1% vs. 27.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Individuals aged 56\u201370 received the highest high\u2010risk prescriptions, while reductions in \u2265\u200990MME prescriptions occurred across all age groups. High\u2010risk prescriptions were disproportionally dispensed in rural areas (67.8%), where reductions were greater in \u2265\u200990MME prescriptions (16.7% rural vs. 6.4% urban) and multiple\u2010provider prescriptions (9.0% rural vs. 7.9% urban).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite declines in opioid\u2010analgesic prescriptions in Illinois from 2015 to 2022, high\u2010risk prescribing persists, particularly in rural areas and among specific demographic groups. Targeted, region\u2010specific interventions and continued regulatory oversights are necessary to address geographic and population\u2010level disparities in high\u2010risk opioid prescribing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T09:25:05Z","timestamp":1769765105000},"page":"109-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trend in Opioid Analgesic Prescriptions and High\u2010Risk Prescribing in the State of Illinois: An Eight\u2010Year Descriptive Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-5594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Sangalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine\u2010Illinois Midwestern University  Downers Grove Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bolch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Midwestern University  Glendale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. V.","family":"Rojas\u2010Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Understanding the Opioid Overdose Epidemic 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/overdose\u2010prevention\/about\/understanding\u2010the\u2010opioid\u2010overdose\u2010epidemic.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6626a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.0665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care, and Education","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Opioid Facts and Statistics 2024 https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/opioids\/statistics\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3810-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6610a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1673"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"E.WilliamsandH.Saunders KFF. 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