{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T03:30:04Z","timestamp":1786332604798,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents a trend analysis of Medication\u2010Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) using US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 2016 to 2022, providing insights into its epidemiology, comorbidities, and economics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective cross\u2010sectional analysis was performed using US MRONJ hospital admissions. Prevalence rates were calculated relative to Bisphosphonate patient numbers in the United States and hospital\u2010based denominators. Statistical analyses included two\u2010sample proportion (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) tests, Cochran\u2013Armitage trend tests, Welch\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests, and multivariable linear and ANOVA models with false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons, effect sizes, market basket analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cochran\u2013Armitage trend tests revealed significant increasing trends in MRONJ prevalence across all denominators: total NIS hospitalizations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037), dental\u2010related hospitalizations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012), and bisphosphonate\u2010exposed patients (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Females were more affected with MRONJ than males consistently across all years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.188). Whites had the highest number of cases across all years (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.774). No region or income bracket stood out as highest or lowest. Medicare is the primary payer with 61%\u201380% of patients covered (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.497). The average age of patients is around 70\u2009years across all years. The average length of stay in the hospital ranged from 4 to 8\u2009days and the average daily charges ranged from $15,000 to $20,000. Hypertension is the most common co\u2010morbidity (except 2018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the incidence of MRONJ, its demographic disparities, economics, and the need for enhanced prevention and cost\u2010effective management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.70040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:51:19Z","timestamp":1769784679000},"page":"121-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trend Analysis of Medically Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in the\n                    <scp>United States<\/scp>\n                    Using US National Inpatient Data From 2016 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Sheshashayee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Health Informatics, and Data Sciences (BHIDS) University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Health Informatics, and Data Sciences (BHIDS) University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. G.","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2023.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010021\u201004331\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06732-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115650"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","article-title":"Incidence of Medication\u2010Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients With Breast Cancer During a 20\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up: A Population\u2010Based Multicenter Retrospective Study","author":"Brunner C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2693"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr435"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Clinical Classifications Software Refined (CCSR) for ICD\u201010\u2010CM, v2021.2 [Software]","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP): 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"SAS\u00ae 9.4 [Computer Software]","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","unstructured":"S. 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