{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T03:07:42Z","timestamp":1788750462606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine how federal appellate courts evaluate constitutional claims concerning custodial dental care and to characterize the clinical and procedural features of these cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decisions of the U.S. courts of appeals issued between 1980 and 2025 were identified through structured database searches. Cases substantively evaluating dental care were coded for severe pain, infection, abscess (coded separately), functional impairment, delay, custody type, representation status, defendant level, and appellate outcome. Descriptive statistics summarized case characteristics, and logistic regression evaluated associations between selected variables and appellate outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 182 appellate decisions met inclusion criteria, of which 174 evaluated adequacy of care. Severe pain was described in 86% of coded cases and functional impairment in 62%. Infection was documented in 41% of cases, with an abscess specifically identified in 16%. Delay was alleged in 73% of cases. Overall, 35% of decisions resulted in reversal or remand. Among cases with documented delay duration, the median delay was substantially longer in plaintiff\u2010favorable cases, and delays exceeding 90\u2009days were associated with higher odds of reversal or remand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Appellate review emphasizes documented awareness and response rather than equivalence to community standards. This legal threshold does not ensure timely clinical resolution. Public health evaluation of custodial dental systems should consider disease progression and access to definitive treatment in addition to legal compliance. Improvements are likely to depend on system\u2010level monitoring of access and timeliness of care rather than litigation alone, reflecting the distinction between legal sufficiency and clinical adequacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:31:09Z","timestamp":1780273869000},"page":"280-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Custodial Dental Care in Federal Courts: A Systematic Review of Appellate Decisions and Implications for Public Health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Shulman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M College of Dentistry  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.144279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.090662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107834589800500106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025","author":"Sawyer W.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Standards for Health Services in Correctional Institutions","author":"American Public Health Association","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Standards for Health Services in Prisons","author":"National Commission on Correctional Health Care","year":"2026"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Addressing Mass Incarceration as a Social Determinant of Health","volume":"104","author":"Cloud D. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Section\u00a01983 Civil Liability Against Prison Officials and Dentists for Delaying Dental Care","volume":"31","author":"Nolasco C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Criminal Justice Policy Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Estelle v. Gamble 429 U.S. 97(1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kingsley v. Hendrickson 576 U.S. 389(2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384730-0.00306-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison v. Barkley 219 F.3d 132(2d Cir.2000).","DOI":"10.1007\/s006040050015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farmer v. Brennan 511 U.S. 825(1994).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1926-9_61"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 Pub. L. No. 104\u2010134 110 Stat. 1321 Codified as Amended at 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1997e et seq."}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jphd.70060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jphd.70060","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jphd.70060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T02:13:45Z","timestamp":1788747225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jphd.70060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jphd.70060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphd.70060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4006","1752-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4006","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}