{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T03:07:42Z","timestamp":1788750462957,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2024439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2024439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Public Health Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored how individuals in an online anti\u2010CWF community construct and sustain opposition narratives to inform evidence\u2010based communication and policy engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative study was undertaken with adults who self\u2010identified as not supportive of CWF. Fourteen participants from the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States of America were recruited via the Fluoride Action Network Facebook page, a prominent global hub for anti\u2010fluoridation discourse. Semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted via Zoom between January and July 2025. Data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Codes were organized into main, generic, and sub\u2010categories and quantified by endorsement frequency. Reporting followed SRQR and COREQ guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five main categories were identified: (1) Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions, and Policy Views; (2) Information Sources and Trust; (3) Reasons for Opposition; (4) Grassroots and Community Actions; and (5) Alternatives and Conditions for Acceptability. Opposition to CWF was shaped by ethical, health, and institutional concerns rather than by scientific disagreement alone. Eight generic categories captured key reasons for opposition, including perceptions of mass medication without consent, health and social harms, institutional distrust, concerns about industrial waste, ethical objections, skepticism about benefits, preference for individualized alternatives, and experiences of professional dismissal. Anti\u2010fluoride networks and social media were the most trusted sources of information (86%), while trust in mainstream science and health authorities was very low (&lt;\u200915%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opposition to CWF is sustained through network\u2010mediated information ecosystems and reinforced by behavioral economic mechanisms, including loss aversion, autonomy bias, and default framing effects. Effective public health responses must therefore move beyond evidence dissemination to incorporate network\u2010aware communication and behavioral insights\u2010informed strategies that prioritize transparency, public participation, and equitable framing of CWF within broader oral health policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:36:49Z","timestamp":1780663009000},"page":"284-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Evidence to Engagement: Understanding Online Resistance to Community Water Fluoridation for Public Health Communication\u2014A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5938-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilesh","family":"Torwane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, the University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diep","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, the University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ratilal","family":"Lalloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, the University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7284-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiana","family":"Ludlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research, the University of Queensland  Woolloongabba Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4319-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nithin","family":"Manchery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loc","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, the University of Queensland  Herston Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","article-title":"Water Fluoridation for the Prevention of Dental Caries","volume":"6","author":"Iheozor\u2010Ejiofor Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518774331"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12384"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Water Fluoridation: Health Monitoring Report for England 2018","author":"Public Health England","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2001.00007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor (NZ) \u201cHealth Effects of Water Fluoridation: A Review of the Scientific Evidence \u201d(2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Oral Health and Dental Care in Australia","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.12.040"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Community Water Fluoridation Support and Opposition in Australia","volume":"28","author":"Armfield J. 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