{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:53:33Z","timestamp":1788872013839,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"SCIAS Hospital of Barcelona"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objetives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parenteral (intravenous or subcutaneous) administration is routinely used in palliative medicine because patients are not able to take drugs orally. To avoid excessive injections, several drugs are usually given in the same dose, but the stability of these drugs when mixed is not always known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of several mixtures of drugs (morphine, midazolam, levomepromazine and hyoscine butylbromide) kept under different storage conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stability was evaluated on the basis of percentage of drug remaining, pH, change of colour and gas or precipitate formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most notable results of the study showed that levomepromazine is rapidly degraded in 0.9% NaCl in all cases, and at high concentrations, morphine can precipitate when stored at 4\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mixtures containing levomepromazine are rapidly degraded under experimental conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T22:51:09Z","timestamp":1358203869000},"page":"379-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stability studies of binary and ternary mixtures containing morphine, midazolam, levomepromazine and hyoscine butylbromide for parenteral administration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Fernandez-Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Mallandrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C","family":"Calpena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ayestar\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, SCIAS Hospital , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Lacasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, SCIAS Hospital , Barcelona,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0001","volume-title":"Palliative care pain management","author":"Doran","year":"2005"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/15360280903098382","article-title":"The need for chemical compatibility studies of subcutaneous medication combinations used in palliative care","volume":"23","author":"Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(90)90045-L","article-title":"Ambulatory infusion devices in the continuing care of patients with advanced diseases","volume":"5","author":"Bruera","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2007.0028","article-title":"Stability studies of binary mixtures of haloperidol and\/or midazolam with other drugs for parenteral administration","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1363-x","article-title":"Physical compatibility of binary and ternary mixtures of morphine and methadone with other drugs for parenteral administration in palliative care","volume":"20","author":"Destro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(03)00253-8","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of levomepromazine, midazolam and their major metabolites in human plasma by reversed-phase liquid chromatography","volume":"791","author":"ter Horst","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.10.017","article-title":"Morphine, haloperidol and hyoscine N-butyl bromide combined in s.c. infusion solutions: compatibility and stability. Evaluation in terminal oncology patients","volume":"307","author":"Negro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(99)00181-7","article-title":"Stability and compatibility of morphine","volume":"187","author":"Vermeire","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-004-0719-x","article-title":"Stability and compatibility of binary mixtures of morphine hydrochloride with hyoscine-n-butyl bromide","volume":"13","author":"Barcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2011.01252.x","article-title":"A stability indicating assay for a combination of morphine sulphate with levomepromazine hydrochloride used in palliative care","volume":"37","author":"Al-Tannak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200100303","article-title":"Physical compatibility and in vivo evaluation of drug mixtures for subcutaneous infusion to cancer patients in palliative care","volume":"10","author":"Negro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0012","article-title":"DRUGDEX\u00ae System [Internet database] (Micromedex\u00ae)","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0013","article-title":"Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation","year":"2000"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0014","article-title":"Guideline on Validation of Bioanalytical Methods","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0015","article-title":"Note for Guidance on Validation of Analytical Procedures","year":"1995"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0016","article-title":"European Pharmacopoeia: Supplement 6.1","author":"Council of Europe","year":"2007","edition":"6th edn"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0017","article-title":"Handbook on Injectable Drugs","author":"Trissel","year":"2003","edition":"12th edn"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0018","first-page":"2298","article-title":"Visual compatibility of midazolam hydrochloride with common preoperative injectable medications","volume":"44","author":"Forman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0019","first-page":"155","article-title":"Compatibility of morphine and midazolam or haloperidol in parenteral admixture","volume":"48","author":"LeBelle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(95)00064-P","article-title":"Photochemical decomposition of midazolam IV. Study of pH-dependent stability by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"123","author":"Andersin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1080\/00032710600620609","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of levomepromazine hydrochloride and its sulfoxide by UV derivative spectrophotometry and bivariate calibration method","volume":"39","author":"Karpi\u0144ska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal Lett"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Photochemistry of drugs: an overview and practical problems","author":"Albini","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(96)04813-2","article-title":"The solubility of morphine and the stability of concentrated morphine solutions in glass, polypropylene syringes and PVC-containers","volume":"146","author":"Vermeire","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-002-0415-7","article-title":"Compatibility of haloperidol and hyoscine-N-butyl bromide in mixtures for subcutaneous infusion to cancer patients in palliative care","volume":"11","author":"Barcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(97)04926-0","article-title":"Stability and compatibility of intrathecal admixtures containing baclofen and high concentrations of morphine","volume":"153","author":"Sitaram","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109151039500_jphp12001-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.1998.00165.x","article-title":"Determination of compatibility and stability of drugs used in palliative care","volume":"23","author":"Schrijvers","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/65\/3\/379\/60251580\/jphp12001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/65\/3\/379\/60251580\/jphp12001.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T05:17:37Z","timestamp":1730351857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/65\/3\/379\/6132983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.12001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-7158","0022-3573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]}}}