{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T04:09:10Z","timestamp":1730434150133,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim was to evaluate ointments for local treatment of anal fissures. Nitroglycerin (NTG) was complexed with \u03b2-cyclodextrin (\u03b2-CD) to provide prolonged NTG release, with the intention of decreasing systemic drug absorption and thus reducing side effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gels, creams and anhydrous water-emulsifying (AWE) ointment with NTG-CD were compared with preparations containing uncomplexed NTG (diluted with crospovidone, NTG-cP). The in-vitro NTG release and ex-vivo skin absorption were studied.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prolonged-release ointment with the NTG-CD complex was formulated using AWE base or w\/o cream (20% water); release of NTG from a hydrogel was very fast with both the complexed and uncomplexed forms. From the AWE ointment base, 16.4% or 4.5% of the total NTG dose was released after 6 h when NTG-cP or NTG-CD was incorporated, respectively. With the complexed form, NTG absorption to the skin after a 5-h application was 18.1 or 11.1 \u03bcg\/g from AWE ointment or cream, respectively; absorption of the uncomplexed NTG was higher: 52.3 or 21.9 \u03bcg\/g from AWE ointment and cream, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Complexation with \u03b2-CD results in prolonged release of NTG from AWE ointment and w\/o cream, which was confirmed by the ex-vivo skin absorption results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T05:37:46Z","timestamp":1375767466000},"page":"1463-1472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modified-release ointment with nitroglycerin \u03b2-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for treatment of anal fissures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Centkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Sznitowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tgie.2004.01.002","article-title":"Anal fissures: diagnosis and management","volume":"6","author":"Castillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tech Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(01)00078-6","article-title":"Symptomatic care and nitroglycerin in the management of anal fissure","volume":"6","author":"McLeod","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06090-4","article-title":"A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure","volume":"349","author":"Lund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0004","first-page":"968","article-title":"Concepts in pathogenesis and treatment of chronic anal fissure \u2013 a review of the literature","volume":"98","author":"Utzig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.02042.x","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial assessing the side-effects of glyceryl trinitrate and diltiazem hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic anal fissure","volume":"89","author":"Kocher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00440.x","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of diltiazem and glyceryltrinitrte ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure","volume":"5","author":"Bielecki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.2001.02095.x","article-title":"Treatment of anal fissure with glyceryl trinitrate in patients referred for surgical management","volume":"71","author":"Skinner","year":"2001","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.264","article-title":"A dose finding study with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% glyceryl trinitrate ointment in patients with chronic anal fissures","volume":"52","author":"Scholefield","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2006.01134.x","article-title":"Rectogesic\u00ae (glyceryl trinitrate 0,2%) ointment relieves symptoms of hemorrhoids associated with high resting anal canal pressure","volume":"9","author":"Tjandra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-001-0371-6","article-title":"Modelling the economic impact of managing a chronic anal fissure with a proprietary formulation of nitroglycerin (Rectogesic) compared to lateral internal sphincterotomy in the United Kingdom","volume":"17","author":"Christie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"volume-title":"Cyclodextrins in Pharmacy. Topics in Inclusion Science","year":"1994","author":"Fromming","key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0011"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00761-X","article-title":"Cyclodextrins in topical drug formulations: theory and practice","volume":"225","author":"Loftsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.01.009","article-title":"Enhancement of the release of azelaic acid through the synthetic membranes by inclusion complex formation with hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin","volume":"293","author":"Manosroi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0014","first-page":"914","article-title":"The effect of \u03b2-cyclodextrin and penetration additives on the release of naproxen from ointment bases","volume":"48","author":"Celebi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0015","first-page":"23","article-title":"In vitro release fenbufen and its inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins from different ointment bases","volume":"54","author":"Krasowska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.107.6_449","article-title":"Effects of \u03b2- and dimethyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrins on release and percutaneous absorption behaviors of prednisolone from some ointments bases","volume":"107","author":"Uekama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Yakugaku Zasshi"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0017","first-page":"125","article-title":"The effects of cyclodextrins on topical delivery of hydrocortisone: the aqueous diffusion layer","volume":"13","author":"Loftsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"STP Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00335-5","article-title":"Mechanisms by which cyclodextrins modify drug release from polymeric drug delivery systems","volume":"197","author":"Bibby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2003.10.002","article-title":"Modulating drug release with cyclodextrins in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gels and tablets","volume":"94","author":"Pose-Vilarnovo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00692-5","article-title":"Inclusion complex of piroxicam with \u03b2-cyclodextrin and incorporation in cationic microemulsion. In vitro drug release and in vivo topical anti-inflammatory effect","volume":"222","author":"Dalmora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/pt070238","article-title":"Mucoadhesive, thermosensitive, prolonged-release vaginal gel for clotrimazole:\u03b2-cyclodextrin complex","volume":"7","author":"Bilensoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.12.046","article-title":"Acrylic\/cyclodextrin hydrogels with enhanced drug loading and sustained release capability","volume":"312","author":"Siemoneit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0023","first-page":"223","article-title":"Influence of cyclodextrin complexation on piroxicam gel formulations","volume":"55","author":"Jug","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120014578","article-title":"Influence of hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin on the transdermal permeation and skin accumulation of oxybenzone","volume":"28","author":"Felton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.05.021","article-title":"Influence of cyclodextrins on in vitro human skin absorption of the sunscreen, butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane","volume":"280","author":"Simeoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0026","first-page":"625","volume-title":"Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals. A Handbook for Pharmacists","author":"Connors","year":"1986"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(97)00079-5","article-title":"Sustained-release buccal dosage forms for nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate: increased bioavailability and extended time of absorption when administered to dogs","volume":"49","author":"Iga","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0028","first-page":"884","volume-title":"The Pharmaceutical Codex, Principles and Practice of Pharmaceutics","author":"Lund","year":"1994","edition":"12th"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0029","first-page":"114","volume-title":"The Merck Index, An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biological","author":"Maryadele","year":"2006","edition":"14th"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0030","first-page":"3671","volume-title":"34th Revision and National Formulary","author":"The United States Pharmacopeia","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600731131","article-title":"Effect of nitroglycerin-soluble additives on the stability of molded nitroglycerin tablets","volume":"73","author":"Pikal","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(03)00242-5","article-title":"The HPLC determination of propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate and impurities: (2RS)-3-hydroxypropane-1,2-diyl dinitrate and 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl dinitrate in ointment","volume":"33","author":"Krzek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"volume-title":"Nitroglycerine inclusion compounds with cyclodextrin and composition containing same","year":"1978","author":"Akito","key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0033"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0034","first-page":"30","article-title":"The inclusion complex of nitroglycerol \u03b2-cyclodextrin","volume":"49","author":"Stadler-Szoke","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Hung"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0035","first-page":"133","article-title":"Interaction of nitroglycerin with water-soluble \u03b2-cyclodextrin polymer","volume":"47","author":"Tomono","year":"1987","journal-title":"Yakuzaigaku"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0036","first-page":"231","article-title":"Interaction of nitroglycerin with \u03b2-cyclodextrin in solution and in solid state","volume":"41","author":"Yamaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Yakuzaigaku"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0037","first-page":"121","article-title":"Penetration of hydrocortisone into excised human skin under the influence of cyclodextrins","volume":"50","author":"Preiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0987(95)00020-0","article-title":"Effects of \u03b2-cyclodextrins on skin: implications for the transdermal delivery of piribedil and a novel cognition enhancing-drug S-9977","volume":"3","author":"Legendre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.08.004","article-title":"In vitro permeation of levothyroxine across the skin","volume":"349","author":"Padula","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2024103109172355900_jphp12120-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.08.002","article-title":"Use of cyclodextrins in topical formulations: practical aspects","volume":"68","author":"Cal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12120","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/65\/10\/1463\/60253614\/jphp12120.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/65\/10\/1463\/60253614\/jphp12120.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T09:27:10Z","timestamp":1730366830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/65\/10\/1463\/6132856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.12120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-7158","0022-3573"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2042-7158"},{"type":"print","value":"0022-3573"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]}}}