{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:29:24Z","timestamp":1788870564175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]],"date-time":"2013-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007753","name":"University of Eastern Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tekes European Regional Development Fund"},{"name":"North Savo Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, the chemical and physical stability of amorphous cyclodextrin complexes and how storage affects their dissolution rate have not been widely reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the solid-state stability of a fast-dissolving perphenazine\/\u03b2-cyclodextrin (\u03b2-CD) complex, which has been found to be well absorbed after sublingual administration to rabbits. In addition, the dissolution rate of plain \u03b2-CD in crystalline and amorphous forms was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The amorphous perphenazine\/\u03b2-CD complex powders were prepared by spray-drying and freeze-drying, and their stability was examined after storage at 40\u00b0C, 75% relative humidity (RH) or at room temperature, 60% RH for up to 82 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perphenazine was found to be chemically stable in all samples. The dissolution rate of perphenazine remained practically unchanged at both storage conditions, although partial crystallization was observed in both spray-dried and freeze-dried samples at 40\u00b0C, 75% RH. Interestingly, it was also observed that the dissolution rates of crystalline and amorphous \u03b2-CD were similar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that CD complexation may represent a suitable alternative for preparing intraorally dissolving formulations because the fast dissolution rate of the drug was maintained even though changes in the crystal structure were observed during storage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]],"date-time":"2013-11-10T23:32:50Z","timestamp":1384126370000},"page":"367-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of storage on the dissolution rate of a fast-dissolving perphenazine\/\u03b2-cyclodextrin complex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Elina","family":"Turunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ossi","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesa-Pekka","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Kauppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Ahtiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"J\u00e4rvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Jarho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v21.i6.10","article-title":"Orally fast disintegrating tablets: developments, technologies, taste-masking and clinical studies","volume":"21","author":"Fu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21793","article-title":"Non-invasive systemic drug delivery: developability considerations for alternate routes of administration","volume":"99","author":"Mathias","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v25.i5.20","article-title":"Sublingual drug delivery","volume":"25","author":"Goswami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.05.010","article-title":"Dissolution enhancement of fenofibrate by micronization, cogrinding and spray-drying: comparison with commercial preparations","volume":"68","author":"Vogt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2008.09.001","article-title":"Intraorally fast-dissolving particles of a poorly soluble drug: preparation and in vitro characterization","volume":"71","author":"Laitinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10590","article-title":"Incorporation of lipophilic drugs in sugar glasses by lyophilization using a mixture of water and tertiary butyl alcohol as solvent","volume":"93","author":"van Drooge","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01030.x","article-title":"Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins: basic science and product development","volume":"62","author":"Loftsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v21.i3.10","article-title":"Amorphous drug delivery systems: molecular aspects, design, and performance","volume":"21","author":"Kaushal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00098-9","article-title":"Amorphous pharmaceutical solids: preparation, characterization and stabilization","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0010","article-title":"Perphenazine for schizophrenia","author":"Hartung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0011","volume-title":"Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons","author":"Moffat","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198713020-00001","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs. Clinical pharmacokinetics of potential candidates for plasma concentration monitoring","volume":"13","author":"Balant-Gorgia","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01173.x","article-title":"Fast-dissolving sublingual solid dispersion and cyclodextrin complex increase the absorption of perphenazine in rabbits","volume":"63","author":"Turunen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2008.03.020","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of natural cyclodextrins by high-performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection: application to cell permeation study","volume":"867","author":"Toropainen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8277-3","volume-title":"Cyclodextrins in Pharmacy","author":"Fr\u00f6mming","year":"1994"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1021\/js950534b","article-title":"Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization","volume":"85","author":"Loftsson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22498","article-title":"Effect of cyclodextrin derivation and amorphous state of complex on accelerated degradation of ziprasidone","volume":"100","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.07.010","article-title":"Stability and characterization of perphenazine aerosols generated using the capillary aerosol generator","volume":"303","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0019","volume-title":"Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products","author":"ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline Q1A (R2)","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10847-007-9369-1","article-title":"Thermal decomposition behaviors of \u03b2-cyclodextrin, its inclusion complexes of alkyl amines, and complexed \u03b2-cyclodextrin at different heating rates","volume":"60","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2011.07.010","article-title":"Characterization of the hidden glass transition of amorphous cyclomaltoheptaose","volume":"346","author":"Tabary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(00)00084-7","article-title":"Thermal degradation of cyclodextrins","volume":"69","author":"Trotta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Polym Degrad Stab"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3109\/03639040903386690","article-title":"Perphenazine solid dispersions for orally fast-disintegrating tablets: physical stability and formulation","volume":"36","author":"Laitinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03564.x","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on crystal-growth of nifedipine during storage: superior dissolution and oral bioavailability compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30","volume":"44","author":"Uekama","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23025","article-title":"Solution-mediated phase transformation: significance during dissolution and implications for bioavailability","volume":"101","author":"Greco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(03)00529-6","article-title":"Study of freeze-dried quercetin-cyclodextrin binary systems by DSC, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis","volume":"34","author":"Pralhad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(03)00199-4","article-title":"Physicochemical investigation of the effects of water-soluble polymers on vinpocetine complexation with beta-cyclodextrin and its sulfobutyl ether derivative in solution and solid state","volume":"20","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20287","article-title":"Complexation of celecoxib with beta-cyclodextrin: characterization of the interaction in solution and in solid state","volume":"94","author":"Sinha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(96)04862-4","article-title":"Amorphous spironolactone-hydroxypropylated cyclodextrin complexes with superior dissolution and oral bioavailability","volume":"149","author":"Soliman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.11.013","article-title":"Preformulation study of the inclusion complex warfarin-beta-cyclodextrin","volume":"291","author":"Zingone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2021021004561491000_jphp12174-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.23077","article-title":"Cyclodextrins as functional excipients: methods to enhance complexation efficiency","volume":"101","author":"Loftsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12174","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/66\/3\/367\/36220836\/jphp12174.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/66\/3\/367\/36220836\/jphp12174.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T09:06:05Z","timestamp":1620378365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/66\/3\/367-377\/6128028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.12174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-7158","0022-3573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,10]]}}}