{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:49:05Z","timestamp":1787996945179,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"The Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Fellowship Grant 2012"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The search for anticataract drugs has been continuing for decades; some treatments no longer exist but antioxidants are still of much interest.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary function of the human lens, along with the cornea, is to refract light so that it is correctly focused onto the retina for optimum image quality. With age, the human lens undergoes morphological, biochemical and physical changes leading to opacification. Age-related or senile cataract is one of the main causes of visual impairment in the elderly; given the lack of access to surgical treatment in many parts of the world, cataract remains a major cause of sight loss. Surgical treatment is the only means of treating cataract; this approach, however, has limitations and complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review discusses the anatomy and physiology of the lens and the changes that are understood to occur with ageing and cataract formation to identify potential areas for effective therapeutic intervention. Experimental techniques and agents used to induce cataract in animal models, the advantages and disadvantages of potential pharmacological treatments specific barriers to delivery of exogenous antioxidants to the lens and the prospects for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T05:46:50Z","timestamp":1422942410000},"page":"537-550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Age-related cataract and drug therapy: opportunities and challenges for topical antioxidant delivery to the lens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Hamdy","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London , London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Mina,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raid G","family":"Alany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC) Theme, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London , London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pierscionek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vision Cognition and Neuroscience Theme, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0001","first-page":"249","article-title":"Cataract blindness-challenges for the 21st century","volume":"79","author":"Brian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(85)90095-8","article-title":"Cataracts in the Royal College of Surgeons rat: evidence for initiation by lipid peroxidation products","volume":"41","author":"Zigler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outcome indicators for cataract","volume-title":"Health Outcome Indicators","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2002"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700066","article-title":"Post cataract-intraocular lens (IOL) surgery opacification","volume":"16","author":"Trivedi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0005","article-title":"Diffusion of nanoparticles into the capsule and cortex of a crystalline lens","volume":"9","author":"Schachar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0006","first-page":"149","article-title":"The lens","volume-title":"Advances in Organ Biology","author":"Zampighi","year":"2006"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.10.000459","article-title":"Theory of transparency of the eye","volume":"10","author":"Benedek","year":"1971","journal-title":"Appl Optics"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.10.818","article-title":"The aging human lens: structure, growth, and physiological behaviour","volume":"81","author":"Duncan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Opthalmol"},{"key":"2024103012484843400_jphp12355-cit-0009","first-page":"410","article-title":"Growth of the eye lens: I. 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