{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:22:09Z","timestamp":1780384929016,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pharmacological studies of Aster spathulifolius Maxim(AS) have demonstrated its anti-allergy, anti-viral and anti-obesity effects, however, its anti-melanogenic effects is still unclear. In this study, the effects of AS extract (ASE) on the inhibition of melanin synthesis were investigated in vitro and in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To perform this study, the contents of melanin and tyrosinase activity were analysed in B16F10 melanoma cells. Western blotting was carried out to determine the underlyling mechanism. Additionally, we investigated the effect of this extract on hyperpigmentation in C57bL\/6J mice induced by 3, 6 and 9 weeks of UVB irradiation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>AS extract led to reduced melanin synthesis through the regulation of MITF and its downstream signals. Furthermore, ASE increased the phosphorylation of MAPK\/ERK and Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 signalling pathway components. In vivo study, hypopigmentation effects were also observed. The melanocyte activity and the distribution of melanin granules were decreased in UVB-irradiated mice treated with ASE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These results suggest that the ASE may be promising as an active anti-melanogenic component, and further investigations should be performed regarding its potential as a whitening agent in the field of cosmetics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T12:25:44Z","timestamp":1458390344000},"page":"503-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anti-melanogenic effects of <i>Aster spathulifolius<\/i> extract in UVB-exposed C57BL\/6J mice and B16F10 melanoma cells through the regulation of MAPK\/ERK and AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signalling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ga Yeon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se-Young","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012542314800_jphp12524-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6649rev","article-title":"Human skin pigmentation: melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress","volume":"21","author":"Costin","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB 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