{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:47:07Z","timestamp":1767858427922,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017160","name":"Beni-Suef University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Isolation and identification of phytochemicals of Crassula capitella (Thunberg), evaluation of the anti-arthritic potential of the extract and the major isolated compound; 11-O-(4\u2032-O-methyl galloyl)-bergenin and underlying their mechanism on rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Different fractions were subjected to column chromatography giving fourteen compound identified by mass and NMR spectroscopic techniques. RA was induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right hind paw of rats. Influence of tested samples in comparable to methotrexate on paw oedema, body weight gain, serum diagnostic markers, cartilage and bone degeneration enzymes, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress biomarkers in arthritic rats.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fourteen phenolic compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from C. capitella. The major compound identified as 11-O-(4\u2032-O-methyl galloyl)-bergenin. Treatment of arthritic rats with extract or 11-O-(4\u2032-O-methyl galloyl)-bergenin with the tested doses can reduce the progression and severity of RA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Crassula capitella is a new natural and abundant source for 11-O-(4\u2032-O-methyl galloyl)-bergenin for resolving chronic inflammatory diseases as RA through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T06:13:09Z","timestamp":1464329589000},"page":"834-844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anti-arthritic activity of 11-<i>O<\/i>-(4\u2032-<i>O<\/i>-methyl galloyl)-bergenin and <i>Crassula capitella<\/i> extract in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Seham S","family":"El-Hawary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rabab","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Abouzid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeinab Y","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) , Giza,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahlam","family":"Elwekeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomag.2012.01.002","article-title":"Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of Xanthium srtumarium L. ethanolic extract in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Patil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed Aging Pathol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133858","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133858","article-title":"Prevalence of arthritis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Usenbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1109","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Smolen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.08.058","article-title":"Cissus quadrangularis attenuates the adjuvant induced arthritis by down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibiting angiogenesis","volume":"175","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00150-X","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species in homeostasis and degradation of cartilage","volume":"11","author":"Henrotin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.04.028","article-title":"Lysosomal membrane stabilization and anti-inflammatory activity of Clerodendrum phlomidis Lf, a traditional medicinal plant","volume":"135","author":"Babu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-010-9272-6","article-title":"Efficacy of Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst in alleviating lysosomal instability in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"34","author":"Vijayan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2015.1017047","article-title":"Triphala exhibits anti-arthritic effect by ameliorating bone and cartilage degradation in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats","volume":"44","author":"Kalaiselvan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Invest"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<985::AID-JSFA572>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Phenols in the plant and in man. The potential for possible nutritional enhancement of the diet by modifying the phenols content or profile","volume":"80","author":"Parr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845698409.3.93","article-title":"Desirable versus harmful levels of intake of flavonoids and phenolic acids","volume-title":"Natural Antioxidants and Anticarcinogens in Nutrition, Health and Disease: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Natural Antioxidants and Anticarcionogens in Nutrition, Health and Disease, held in Helsinki, Finland, held on 24\u201327 June 1998","author":"Breinholt","year":"1999"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0011","first-page":"83","article-title":"Crassulaceae","volume-title":"Flowering Plants\u00b7Eudicots","author":"Thiede","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-864189","article-title":"Anti-platelet aggregating and anti-oxidative activities of 11-O-(4\u2032-O-methyl galloyl) bergenin, a new compound isolated from Crassula cv \u2018Himaturi\u2019","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0013","first-page":"393","article-title":"Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens (Mill.) Willd. (Crassulaceae) in mice","volume":"2","author":"Amabeoku","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.06.006","article-title":"Synergistic activity of curcumin with methotrexate in ameliorating Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis with reduced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals","volume":"668","author":"Banji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11117","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11117","article-title":"Tamarind seed (Tamarindus indica) extract ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis via regulating the mediators of cartilage\/bone degeneration, inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"Sundaram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V60.3.618.618","article-title":"Cellular and extracellular myeloperoxidase in pyogenic inflammation","volume":"60","author":"Bradley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1968.tb19570.x","article-title":"The abnormalities of lysosomal enzymes in mucopolysaccharidoses","volume":"7","author":"Hoof","year":"1968","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)84277-6","article-title":"On tyrosine and tryptophane determinations in proteins","volume":"73","author":"Folin","year":"1927","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(98)00124-1","article-title":"Benzoic acid derivatives from Stocksia brahuica","volume":"48","author":"Ali","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.03.025","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bergenin and its derivatives obtained by chemoenzymatic synthesis","volume":"46","author":"Nazir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)91145-1","article-title":"Polyphenolic constituents of the flowers of Tamarix nilotica: the structure of nilocitin, a new digalloylglucose","volume":"25","author":"Nawwar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-6664.2009.00335.x","article-title":"Identification and activity of ethyl gallate as an antimicrobial compound produced by Geranium carolinianum","volume":"9","author":"Ooshiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Weed Biol Manag"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199702)11:1<22::AID-PTR951>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory principles from Chamaesyce hyssopifolia","volume":"11","author":"Lim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0025","first-page":"307","article-title":"Triterpenoid, flavonoids and sterols from Lagenaria siceraria fruits","volume":"2","author":"Gangwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm Lett"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.1727","article-title":"Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from guava (Psidium guajava L.) and their structural elucidation","volume":"66","author":"Arima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-011-9879-3","article-title":"A new bergenin derivative from Corylopsis willmottiae","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem Nat Compd"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0028","first-page":"175","article-title":"Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extract and essential oil of Rosa damascena from Iran, population of Guilan","volume":"17","author":"Yassa","year":"2009","journal-title":"DARU J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v4i3.31215","article-title":"Flavonoid glycosides from Byrsocarpus coccineus leaves. Schum and Thonn (Connaraceae)","volume":"4","author":"Ahmadu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(97)00295-1","article-title":"Astragalin 2\u2033,6\u2033-di-O-gallate from Loropetalum chinense","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.09.077","article-title":"Identification of bioactive compounds in Phyllenthus emblica L. fruit and their free radical scavenging activities","volume":"114","author":"Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)89047-D","article-title":"Gallic acid esters of bergenin and norbergenin from Mallotus japonicus","volume":"29","author":"Saijo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199812)12:8<562::AID-PTR356>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the antiviral fractions of Persea americana (Lauraceae) leaf infusion","volume":"12","author":"De Almeida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38307","article-title":"Rheumatoid factor as a potentiator of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-mediated inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Sokolove","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12054","article-title":"Protective effects of ginger-turmeric rhizomes mixture on joint inflammation, atherogenesis, kidney dysfunction and other complications in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Ramadan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2001.800709.x","article-title":"The expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase indicates no active inflammation in vulvar vestibulitis","volume":"80","author":"Bohm-Starke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12156","article-title":"Curcumin potentiates the anti-arthritic effect of prednisolone in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats","volume":"66","author":"Kuncha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0038","first-page":"56802","article-title":"Internal analgesic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic drug products for over-the-counter human use: final rule for professional labeling of aspirin, buffered aspirin, and aspirin in combination with antacid drug products","volume":"63","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-06-290171","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase is required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation: implications for innate immunity","volume":"117","author":"Metzler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-013-0681-5","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of 3-hydroxy, 2-methoxy sodium butanoate from the leaves of Clerodendrum phlomidis Lf","volume":"63","author":"Babu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0482-6","article-title":"Attenuation of adjuvant-induced arthritis by dietary sesamol via modulation of inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix degrading enzymes and antioxidant status","volume":"52","author":"Hemshekhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0037-3","article-title":"Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease","volume":"58","author":"Garc\u00eda-Lafuente","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532009000600009","article-title":"Characterization of bergenin in Endopleura uchi bark and its anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"20","author":"Nunomura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Braz Chem Soc"},{"key":"2024103012552605400_jphp12566-cit-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.02.023","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effect of bergenin and norbergenin against adjuvant-induced arthritis \u2013 a flow cytometric study","volume":"112","author":"Nazir","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.12566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/68\/6\/834\/60230117\/jphp12566.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/68\/6\/834\/60230117\/jphp12566.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T18:23:24Z","timestamp":1730312604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/68\/6\/834\/6128319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.12566","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-7158","0022-3573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}}}