{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:31:35Z","timestamp":1777275095541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1470,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2011\/12666-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2011\/12666-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2012\/07310-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2012\/07310-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modified drug delivery systems have been developed to improve pharmacological properties of local anaesthetics. However, the inflammatory potential of these formulations was not investigated. This study compared the in-vitro effects of ropivacaine (ropi) in plain, liposomal (MLV) or 2-hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin (HP-\u03b2-CD) formulations on cell viability, apoptosis and cytokine (IL-1\u03b1, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-10) release.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human immortalized gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were exposed to 1\u2013100 \u03bcm ropi concentrations. The cell viability was measured by XTT and LIVE\/DEAD assay. Apoptosis was performed by flow cytometry, and cytokine release was measured by ELISA assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immortalized keratinocyte viability was reduced by ropi and both drug delivery systems. However, none of the formulations induced apoptosis. Results showed a differential regulation of IL-1\u03b1 TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-10 by HaCaT and HGF. Ropi-HP-\u03b2-CD increased twofold the IL-6 release by HGF in comparison with the control, while 100 \u03bcm ropi-MLV led to an increased release of all pro-inflammatory cytokines by HGF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The loss in cell viability was not related to cellular apoptosis. Ropi complexed with HP-\u03b2-CD showed a similar cytokine release pattern when compared to the plain formulation. Thus, the HP-\u03b2-CD form was a better drug carrier than the MLV form for ropivacaine drug delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,29]],"date-time":"2016-12-29T19:27:02Z","timestamp":1483039622000},"page":"161-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effect of two drug delivery systems in ropivacaine cytotoxicity and cytokine release by human keratinocytes and fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4882-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Eduardo Nunes","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP \u2013 Piracicaba , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Vilela","family":"Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP \u2013 Piracicaba , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonny","family":"Burga-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP \u2013 Piracicaba , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Volpato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP \u2013 Piracicaba , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eneida","family":"de Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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