{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T20:35:10Z","timestamp":1773952510336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004434","name":"University of Florence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The creation of a new valid preclinical model of articular pain by the intra-articular (i.a.) injection of mucilages for the screening of new treatments against arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A single intra-articular injection (20 \u03bcl) of mucilages (from Althaea officinalis roots and Linum usitatissimun seeds) or vegetal components (Amorphophallus konjac gum powder and \u03b2-glucan, used as reference standard) were assessed in the rat. The pathology progression was monitored by behavioural measurements (paw pressure test, von Frey test, incapacitance test and beam balance test) and compared to that induced by the i.a. injections of monoiodioacetate (MIA) and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), well-recognized models of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among all, the mucilage of L. usitatissimun showed the best pro-algic profile inducing a painful long-lasting condition. Hypersensitivity was characterized as a mixed form of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by the responsiveness to ibuprofen (100 mg\/kg, p.o.) and pregabalin (30 mg\/kg, p.o.). The histological evaluation of joint showed a damage that represents both MIA and CFA features.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, a single i.a. injection of L. usitatissimun mucilage can represent a valid model to assess articular pain in the rat for the screening of new treatments against arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T06:01:25Z","timestamp":1550642485000},"page":"971-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Intra-articular mucilages: behavioural and histological evaluations for a new model of articular pain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Micheli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Ghelardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lucarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Parisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Trallori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8374-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Di Cesare Mannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUROFARBA \u2013 Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence , Florence,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00204-3","article-title":"(2000) Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life?","volume":"53","author":"Sprangers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0002","first-page":"1","article-title":"National ambulatory medical care survey: 2004 summary","volume":"374","author":"Hing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31491-5","article-title":"Novel treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"389","author":"Burmester","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2008.01.007","article-title":"Animal models for arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Dinser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9454-x","article-title":"Animal models of osteoarthritis: challenges of model selection and analysis","volume":"15","author":"Teeple","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0006","first-page":"5238","article-title":"Re-evaluation of carrageenan (E 407) and processed Eucheuma seaweed (E 407a) as food additives","volume":"16","author":"Younes","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0007","first-page":"541","article-title":"Models of inflammation: carrageenan- or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced edema and hypersensitivity in the rat","volume":"5","author":"Fehrenbacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12955","article-title":"Implementing guidelines on reporting research using animals (ARRIVE etc.): new requirements for publication in BJP","volume":"172","author":"McGrath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-228","article-title":"Low dose native type II collagen prevents pain in a rat osteoarthritis model","volume":"14","author":"Di Cesare Mannelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12828","article-title":"Pain relieving and protective effects of Astragalus hydroalcoholic extract in rat arthritis models","volume":"69","author":"Maresca","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90133-V","article-title":"A limited arthritic model for chronic pain studies in the rat","volume":"48","author":"Butler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.09.032","article-title":"Acute effect of Capparis spinosa root extracts on rat articular pain","volume":"193","author":"Maresca","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1988.tb10310.x","article-title":"Kappa-Opioid agonists produce antinociception after i.v. and i.c.v. but not intrathecal administration in the rat","volume":"93","author":"Leighton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.09.003","article-title":"Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in the rat: involvement of oxalate in cold hyperalgesia but not mechanical allodynia","volume":"147","author":"Sakurai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00163-8","article-title":"Weight bearing as a measure of disease progression and efficacy of antiinflammatory compounds in a model of monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Bove","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.08.031","article-title":"Motor balance and coordination training enhances functional outcome in rat with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"123","author":"Ding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-012-1083-8","article-title":"Evaluation of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in a Wistar rat model. Comparison of thermography and histopathology","volume":"72","author":"Snekhalatha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.04.020","article-title":"Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of traditional Chinese herb couple in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"205","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S147640","article-title":"The effect of pregabalin or duloxetine on arthritis pain: a clinical and mechanistic study in people with hand osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Sofat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.11.091","article-title":"Pain assessment in animal models of osteoarthritis","volume":"537","author":"Piel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.70.6.849","article-title":"Modes of action of Freund's adjuvants in experimental models of autoimmune diseases","volume":"70","author":"Billiau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leuko Biol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.08.023","article-title":"The monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis: a model of chronic nociceptive pain in rats?","volume":"370","author":"Combe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230390241800","article-title":"Monoiodoacetate-induced histologic changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage of rat femorotibial joints: an animal model of osteoarthritis","volume":"31","author":"","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0472","article-title":"Moderation of iodoacetate-induced experimental osteoarthritis in rats by matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Janusz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartilage"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-003-0128-7","article-title":"Heat shock protein 60 and adjuvant arthritis: a model for T cell regulation in human arthritis","volume":"25","author":"Prakken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0026","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Chemical and pharmacological studies on fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum","volume":"34","author":"Singh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.08.063","article-title":"Grading of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis reveals a concentration-dependent sensitization of nociceptors in the knee joint of the rat","volume":"465","author":"Schuelert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0028","volume-title":"Sick and Tired","author":"Young","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024103012324703800_jphp13078-cit-0029","volume-title":"The pH Miracle Revised and Updated","author":"Young","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjphp.13078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jphp.13078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jphp.13078","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/71\/6\/971\/60224727\/jphp13078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article-pdf\/71\/6\/971\/60224727\/jphp13078.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T17:47:11Z","timestamp":1730310431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpp\/article\/71\/6\/971\/6122107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.13078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-7158","0022-3573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-7158","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-3573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]}}}