{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T06:12:01Z","timestamp":1773295921983,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sciences and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department of China","award":["2013B021800091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013B021800091"]}]},{"name":"Sciences and Technology Project of Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission of China","award":["201508010036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201508010036"]}]},{"name":"Major Scientific and Technological Project of Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission of China","award":["201300000046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201300000046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the clearance pathways of lamotrigine (LTG)-loaded micelles by intranasal administration and intracerebral injection in the brain and whether nanoparticles can induce the inflammation promoted by interleukin-6 (IL-6), accelerating the phagocytosis of drug particles in the brain and drainage through lymphatics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The drug concentrations in the deep cervical lymph node, superficial cervical lymph node, brain tissues and jugular vein, the pharmacokinetic parameters, and the concentrations of IL-6 in deep cervical lymph node and brain tissues were investigated following UPLC\/MS, DAS3.0, ELISA statistically analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The AUC0\u2013t of deep cervical lymph node after intranasal and intracerebral injection was 1.93, 2.77, 1.34 times and 3.06, 16.4, 3.34 times higher compared with the superficial cervical lymph node, jugular vein and brain tissue, respectively. After intranasal administration of lamotrigine-loaded micelles for 30 min, the IL-6 concentrations in deep cervical lymph node and brain tissue were significantly increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These results suggested that lamotrigine micelles were primarily cleared from the brain by lymphatics rather than blood clearance. Also, the nanoparticle induced the increase in IL-6 level after entering the brain suggested that nanoparticles might induce the inflammation promoted by IL-6 in the brain, accelerating the clearance of drug particles in the brain and drainage through lymphatics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T09:48:24Z","timestamp":1563356904000},"page":"1488-1496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lymphatic clearance is the main drainage route of lamotrigine-loaded micelles following delivery to the brain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzhen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongzhi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhufen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center for Modified-released Pharmaceutical Products, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Province Engineering & Technology Research Centre for Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery 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