{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:38:23Z","timestamp":1787503103636,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this comprehensive study, we aimed to investigate pharmacological properties and therapeutic significance of saffron in osteosarcoma cancer cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plant materials were obtained from Safranbolu district of Karabuk, Turkey. For the determination of anticancer properties, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability, colony formation, wound closure, DNA ladder assays and gene expression analysis by real-time PCR were performed. Also, cellular inflammation, total antioxidant and oxidants status were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dichloromethane and hexane extracts of saffron were significantly inhibited cell proliferation and interfered with colony forming and migration capabilities of U2-OS osteosarcoma cancer cells. Also, both extracts induced the activation of tumour suppressor CDKN2B gene and altered cellular morphology resembling the induction of apoptosis. However, DNA fragmentation was not observed after extract treatments. Saffron was also found to have no significant effect on cellular inflammation. Unexpectedly, both dichloromethane and hexane extracts of saffron had no marked effect on cellular total antioxidant and oxidant status. Lastly, vanillic acid, resveratrol, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were found to be highly rich in our extracts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings of this study demonstrated significant antiproliferative and antitumorigenic properties of saffron in osteosarcoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T18:49:55Z","timestamp":1571856595000},"page":"56-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of saffron (\n                    <i>Crocus sativus<\/i>\n                    L.) in osteosarcoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1279-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Ege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Adiyaman University , Adiyaman,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9657-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onder","family":"Yumrutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University , Adiyaman,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4643-0017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miray","family":"Ege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University , Adiyaman,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-6085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Pehlivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Aromatic Plants, Nurdagi Vocational Higher School, Gaziantep University , Gaziantep,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1483-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Bozgeyik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University , Adiyaman,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.02.050","article-title":"Investigation of the association between ATP2B4 and ATP5B genes with colorectal cancer","volume":"2","author":"Geyik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21387","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2007.51","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in U2OS human osteosarcoma cells","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.09.032","article-title":"Evaluation of extracts prepared from 16 plants used in Yao ethnomedicine as potential anticancer agents","volume":"211","author":"Almosnid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.07.001","article-title":"From traditional Chinese medicine to rational cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Efferth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0006","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Vinca alkaloids","volume":"4","author":"Moudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.056","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of 1,8-Cineole-containing n-hexane extract of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels plant and its apoptotic potential","volume":"93","author":"Sampath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2024103012354690300_jphp13179-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600641209","article-title":"Alkaloids of Vinca rosea L. 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