{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:12:06Z","timestamp":1791389526116,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The oral rehydration solution is the most efficient method to treat cholera; however, it does not interfere in the action mechanism of the main virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (CT), and this disease still stands out as a problem for human health worldwide. This review aimed to describe therapeutic alternatives available in the literature, especially those related to the search for molecules acting upon the physiopathology of cholera.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>New molecules have offered a protection effect against diarrhoea induced by CT or even by infection from V. cholerae. The receptor regulator cystic fibrosis channel transmembrane (CFTR), monosialoganglioside (GM1), enkephalinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibitors of expression of virulence factors and activators of ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are the main therapeutic targets studied. Many of these molecules or extracts still present unclear action mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knowing therapeutic alternatives and their molecular mechanisms for the treatment of cholera could guide us to develop a new drug that could be used in combination with the rehydration solution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T05:24:49Z","timestamp":1596259489000},"page":"1715-1731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of cholera"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Francisca B M","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parna\u00edba Delta , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed , Teresina,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela R S G","family":"Nol\u00eato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parna\u00edba Delta , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed , Teresina,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia S","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parna\u00edba Delta , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piau\u00ed , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parna\u00edba Delta , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parna\u00edba Delta , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed , Teresina,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail M V","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Higher Education of Vale do Parna\u00edba (IESVAP) , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jand V R","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parna\u00edba Delta , Parna\u00edba,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piau\u00ed , 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