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We studied the effects of melatonin on changes in lung function, oxidative\/nitrosative stress, and inflammatory cell sequestration in an acute pancreatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010associated lung inflammation model. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of rats. Animals were randomized into control, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>, and a melatonin pretreatment (10\u00a0mg\/kg)\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content> group. Functional residual capacity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRC<\/jats:styled-content>), lung compliance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>chord), expiratory flow rate at 50% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEF<\/jats:styled-content>50), airway resistance index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RI<\/jats:styled-content>), and peak expiratory flow rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEF<\/jats:styled-content>) were evaluated. White blood cell count (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WBC<\/jats:styled-content>) and hydrogen peroxide, lung lavage fluid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WBC<\/jats:styled-content>, methylguanidine, protein, lactic dehydrogenase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content>), nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content>), and leukotriene B4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTB<\/jats:styled-content>4) levels were determined. Lung wet\u2010to\u2010dry weight ratio, peroxynitrite, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein were measured. AP induction resulted in reductions in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> C<\/jats:styled-content>chord, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FEF<\/jats:styled-content>50, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEF<\/jats:styled-content>, and increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RI<\/jats:styled-content> and lung wet\u2010to\u2010dry weight ratio. Blood and lung lavage fluid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WBC<\/jats:styled-content>, lavage fluid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content>, protein, and blood hydrogen peroxide also increased. Levels of hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTB<\/jats:styled-content>4 in lung lavage fluid, inducible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>, protein expression, and peroxynitrite in lung tissue also were significantly elevated. Pretreatment with melatonin attenuated obstructive and restrictive ventilatory insufficiency induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>. Blood and lavage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WBC<\/jats:styled-content>, lavage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LDH<\/jats:styled-content> and protein, lung edema, oxidative\/nitrosative stress, and lipoxygenase pathway derivatives were also significantly attenuated by melatonin. We conclude that melatonin decreases <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced obstructive and restrictive lung function changes via its antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,12]],"date-time":"2013-12-12T20:53:06Z","timestamp":1386881586000},"page":"196-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pulmonary function changes in rats with taurocholate\u2010induced pancreatitis are attenuated by pretreatment with melatonin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ting\u2010Ywan","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging Department Cardinal Tien Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine College of Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russel 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