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Classical antivenom therapy has appreciably reduced the snakebite mortality rate; it apparently fails to tackle viper venom\u2010induced local manifestations that persist even after the administration of antivenom. Recently, viper venom\u2010induced oxidative stress and vital organ damage is deemed as yet another reason for concern; these are considered as postmedicated complications of viper bite. Thus, treating viper bite has become a challenge demanding new treatment strategies, auxiliary to antivenin therapy. In the last decade, several studies have reported the use of plant products and clinically approved drugs to neutralize venom\u2010induced pharmacology. However, very few attempts were undertaken to study oxidative stress and vital organ damage. Based on this background, the present study evaluated the protective efficacy of melatonin in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>chis carinatus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>) venom\u2010induced tissue necrosis, oxidative stress, and organ toxicity. The results demonstrated that melatonin efficiently alleviated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content> venom\u2010induced hemorrhage and myonecrosis. It also mitigated the altered levels of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers of blood components in liver and kidney homogenates, and documented renal and hepatoprotective action of melatonin. The histopathology of skin, muscle, liver, and kidney tissues further substantiated the overall protection offered by melatonin against viper bite toxicities. Besides the inability of antivenoms to block local effects and the fact that melatonin is already a widely used drug promulgating a multitude of therapeutic functionalities, its use in viper bite management is of high interest and should be seriously considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,6]],"date-time":"2014-02-06T07:20:05Z","timestamp":1391671205000},"page":"295-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Melatonin alleviates <i><scp>E<\/scp>chis carinatus<\/i> venom\u2010induced toxicities by modulating inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"G. 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