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MSCs are a heterogeneous population of multipotent elements resident in tissues such as bone marrow, muscle, and adipose tissue, which are primarily involved in developmental and regeneration processes, gaining thus increasing interest for tissue repair and restoration therapeutic protocols. Receptor\u2010dependent and receptor\u2010independent responses to melatonin are suggested to occur in these cells. These involve antioxidant or redox\u2010dependent functions of this indolamine as well as secondary effects resulting from autocrine and paracrine responses. Inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, proangiogenic\/mitogenic stimuli, and other mediators that influence the differentiation processes may affect the survival and functional integrity of these mesenchymal precursor cells. In this scenario, melatonin seems to regulate signaling pathways that drive commitment and differentiation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content> into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, or myogenic lineages. Common pathways suggested to be involved as master regulators of these processes are the Wnt\/<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010catenin pathway, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAPK<\/jats:styled-content>s and the, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> signaling. In this respect melatonin emerges a novel and potential modulator of MSC lineage commitment and adipogenic differentiation. These and other aspects of the physiological and pharmacological effects of melatonin as regulator of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content> are discussed in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T19:02:46Z","timestamp":1395342166000},"page":"382-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Melatonin regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Luchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino \u201cCarlo Bo\u201d Urbino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Canonico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences University of Urbino \u201cCarlo Bo\u201d Urbino 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