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Numerous evidence indicates that plasma levels of melatonin are decreased in depressed patients. Also, melatonin exerts positive effects on the hippocampal neurogenic process and on depressive\u2010like behavior. In addition, antidepressants revert alterations of hippocampal neurogenesis present in models of depression following a similar time course to the improvement of behavior. In this study, we analyzed the effects of both, citalopram, a widely used antidepressant, and melatonin in the Porsolt forced swim test. In addition, we investigated the potential antidepressant role of the combination of melatonin and citalopram (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLTCITAL<\/jats:styled-content>), its type of pharmacological interaction on depressive behavior, and its effect on hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we found decreased immobility behavior in mice treated with melatonin (&lt;14\u201333%) and citalopram (&lt;17\u201330%). Additionally, the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLTCITAL<\/jats:styled-content>combination also decreased immobility (&lt;22\u201335%) in comparison with control mice, reflecting an antidepressant\u2010like effect after 14\u00a0days of treatment. Moreover,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLTCITAL<\/jats:styled-content>decreased plasma corticosterone levels (\u226413%) and increased cell proliferation (&gt;29%), survival (&gt;39%), and the absolute number of \u2010associated new neurons (&gt;53%) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These results indicate that the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLTCITAL<\/jats:styled-content>combination exerts synergism to induce an antidepressant\u2010like action that could be related to the modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This outcome opens the opportunity of using melatonin to promote behavioral benefits and hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and also supports the use of the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLTCITAL<\/jats:styled-content>combination as an alternative to treat depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T19:04:12Z","timestamp":1395342252000},"page":"450-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Melatonin synergizes with citalopram to induce antidepressant\u2010like behavior and to promote hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Ram\u00edrez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Research Laboratory of Neurogenesis National Institute of Psychiatry \u201cRam\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz\u201d M\u00e9xico D.F. 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