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One of the common known stress protein induced by UVR is heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), highly expressed in human keratinocytes, providing cellular resistance to such stressors. Here, using human full\u2010thickness skin and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), we investigated the interaction of melatonin and Hsp70 toward UVR\u2010induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses. The following observations were made: (i) UVR upregulated Hsp70 gene expression in human epidermis while melatonin significantly inverted this effect, (ii) similar patterns of regulation were observed within Hsp70 protein level, and (iii) mechanistic studies involving silencing of Hsp70 RNA (Hsp70 <jats:italic>si<\/jats:italic>RNA) showed prominent decrease of I\u03baB\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (an inhibitor of NF\u2010\u03baB) and enhanced gene expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, IL\u20106, Casp\u20101) and pro\u2010apoptotic protein (Casp\u20103) in NHEK. Parallel investigation using melatonin (10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u00a0<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) significantly inverted these responses regardless depletion of Hsp70 RNA suggesting a compensatory action of this compound in the defense mechanisms. Our findings combined with data reported so far thus enrich existing knowledge about the potent anti\u2010apoptotic and anti\u2010inflammatory action of melatonin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,25]],"date-time":"2014-11-25T08:08:28Z","timestamp":1416902908000},"page":"117-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Melatonin compensates silencing of heat shock protein 70 and suppresses ultraviolet radiation\u2010induced inflammation in human skin ex vivo and cultured keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Konrad","family":"Kleszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology Ludwig\u2010Maximilian University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Tukaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kasperkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Zillikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology Ludwig\u2010Maximilian University Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias 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