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In this study, using specific antibodies, we examined the precise distribution of both melatonin receptors immunoreactivity across the adult rat brain using light, confocal, and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate a selective <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> localization on neuronal cell bodies and dendrites in numerous regions of the rat telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. Confocal and ultrastructural examination confirmed the somatodendritic nature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors, both being localized on neuronal membranes. Overall, striking differences were observed in the anatomical distribution pattern of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> proteins, and the labeling often appeared complementary in regions displaying both receptors. Somadendrites labeled for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> were observed for instance in the retrosplenial cortex, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the islands of Calleja, the medial habenula, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the superior colliculus, the substantia nigra <jats:italic>pars compacta<\/jats:italic>, the dorsal raphe nucleus, and the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland. Somadendrites endowed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors were mostly observed in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>3 field of the hippocampus, the reticular thalamic nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, the inferior colliculus, the substantia nigra <jats:italic>pars reticulata<\/jats:italic>, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Together, these data provide the first detailed neurocytological mapping of melatonin receptors in the adult rat brain, an essential prerequisite for a better understanding of melatonin distinct receptor function and neurophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]],"date-time":"2015-02-28T06:48:52Z","timestamp":1425106132000},"page":"397-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Anatomical and cellular localization of melatonin <scp>MT<\/scp><sub>1<\/sub> and <scp>MT<\/scp><sub>2<\/sub> receptors in the adult rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit Department of Psychiatry McGill University Health Center McGill University Montreal QC 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