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Recent advances suggest that melatonin controls adiposity, resulting in changes in body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3\u2010L1 mouse embryo fibroblasts. Melatonin significantly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b3 (PPAR\u2010\u03b3), a master regulator of adipogenesis, and promoted differentiation into adipocytes. Melatonin\u2010treated cells also formed smaller lipid droplets and abundantly expressed several molecules associated with lipolysis, including adipose triglyceride lipase, perilipin, and comparative gene identification\u201058. Moreover, the hormone promoted biogenesis of mitochondria, as indicated by fluorescent staining, elevated the citrate synthase activity, and upregulated the expression of PPAR\u2010\u03b3 coactivator 1\u03b1, nuclear respiratory factor\u20101, and transcription factor A. The expression of uncoupling protein 1 was also observable both at mRNA and at protein level in melatonin\u2010treated cells. Finally, adiponectin secretion and the expression of adiponectin receptors were enhanced. These results suggest that melatonin promotes adipogenesis, lipolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adiponectin secretion. Thus, melatonin has potential as an anti\u2010obesity agent that may reverse obesity\u2010related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T06:14:48Z","timestamp":1435644888000},"page":"267-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Melatonin promotes adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3\u2010L1 preadipocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Doshisha University Kyotanabe Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Doshisha University Kyotanabe Kyoto 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