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Aanat is responsible for the daily rhythm in melatonin production. Teleost fish are unique because they express two Aanat genes, <jats:italic>aanat1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic>, mainly expressed in the retina and pineal gland, respectively. <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic> analysis indicated that the teleost\u2010specific whole\u2010genome duplication generated Aanat1 duplicates (<jats:italic>aanat1a<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>aanat1b<\/jats:italic>); some fish express both of them, while others express either one of the isoforms. Here, we bring the first information on the structure, function, and distribution of Aanat1a and Aanat1b in a teleost, the sea bass <jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/jats:italic>. Aanat1a and Aanat1b displayed a wide and distinct distribution in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, while <jats:italic>Aanat2<\/jats:italic> appeared as a pineal enzyme. Co\u2010expression of Aanats with <jats:italic>asmt<\/jats:italic> was found in the pineal gland and the three retinal nuclear layers. Enzyme kinetics indicated subtle differences in the affinity and catalytic efficiency of Aanat1a and Aanat1b for indolethylamines and phenylethylamines, respectively. Our data are consistent with the idea that Aanat2 is a pineal enzyme involved in melatonin production, while Aanat1 enzymes have a broader range of functions including melatonin synthesis in the retina, and catabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the retina and other tissues. The data are discussed in light of the recently uncovered roles of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylserotonin and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyldopamine as antioxidants, neuroprotectants, and modulators of cell proliferation and enzyme activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,12]],"date-time":"2015-08-12T12:52:54Z","timestamp":1439383974000},"page":"354-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Subfunctionalization of arylalkylamine N\u2010acetyltransferases in the sea bass <i>Dicentrarchus labrax<\/i>: two\u2010ones for one two"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Charles\u2010Hubert","family":"Paulin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Biologie Int\u00e9grative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Oc\u00e9anologique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s Banyuls\/Mer France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Cazam\u00e9a\u2010Catalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Biologie Int\u00e9grative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Oc\u00e9anologique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s Banyuls\/Mer France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bina","family":"Zilberman\u2010Peled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neurosciences University of Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Herrera\u2010Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de C\u00e1diz Puerto Real C\u00e1diz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Sauzet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Biologie Int\u00e9grative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Oc\u00e9anologique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s Banyuls\/Mer France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Magnanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Biologie Int\u00e9grative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Oc\u00e9anologique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s Banyuls\/Mer France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fuent\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS Biologie Int\u00e9grative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Oc\u00e9anologique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s Banyuls\/Mer France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Gothilf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology George S. 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