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In this study, we focused on the role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R (hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNP<\/jats:styled-content> R) in the translation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content>. A novel <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010binding protein hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNP<\/jats:styled-content> R widely interacted with the 5\u2032 untranslated region (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTR<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> and contributed to translation through an internal ribosomal entry site (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRES<\/jats:styled-content>). Fine\u2010tuning of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content> protein synthesis occurred in response to knockdown and overexpression of hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNP R<\/jats:styled-content>. Nocturnal elevation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content> protein was dependent on the rhythmic changes of hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNP R<\/jats:styled-content>, whose levels are elevated in the pineal gland during nighttime. Increases in hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNP R<\/jats:styled-content> additionally improved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content> production in rat pinealocytes under norepinephrine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NE<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment. These results suggest that cap\u2010independent translation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> plays a role in the rhythmic synthesis of melatonin through the recruitment of translational machinery to hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNP R<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010bound <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AANAT<\/jats:styled-content> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]],"date-time":"2015-10-07T13:20:07Z","timestamp":1444224007000},"page":"518-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein <scp>R<\/scp> regulates arylalkylamine <scp>N<\/scp>\u2010acetyltransferase synthesis via internal ribosomal entry site\u2010mediated translation in a circadian manner"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Hwa\u2010Rim","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae\u2010Don","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"},{"name":"Immunotherapy Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Department of Functional Genomics University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo\u2010Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngseob","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dohyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung\u2010Ha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 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