{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:51:38Z","timestamp":1790823098049,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoarthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive erosion of articular cartilage. As chondrocytes are the only cell type forming the articular cartilage, their gradual loss is the main cause of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>. There is a substantial body of published research that suggests reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) are major causative factors for chondrocyte damage and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content> development. Oxidative stress elicited by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content> is capable of oxidizing and subsequently disrupting cartilage homeostasis, promoting catabolism via induction of cell death and damaging numerous components of the joint. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 are crucial inflammatory factors that play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>. In this process, the mitochondria are the major source of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content> production in cells, suggesting a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in this type of arthritis. This may also be promoted by inflammatory cytokines such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 which contribute to chondrocyte death. In patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>) stress\u2010associated molecules is positively correlated with cartilage degeneration. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad\u2010spectrum antioxidants and free radical scavengers which regulate a variety of molecular pathways such as inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in different pathophysiological situations. Herein, we review the effects of melatonin on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>, focusing on its ability to regulate apoptotic processes and ER and mitochondrial activity. We also evaluate likely protective effects of melatonin on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T08:40:51Z","timestamp":1472028051000},"page":"411-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":310,"title":["Apoptosis signaling pathways in osteoarthritis and possible protective role of melatonin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Azam","family":"Hosseinzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Kamran","family":"Kamrava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT and Head &amp; Neck Research Center Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Joghataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radbod","family":"Darabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM) Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shakeri\u2010Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Shahriari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russel J.","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Structural Biology The University of Texas Health Science Center  San Antonio TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Ghaznavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zahedan University of Medical Sciences  Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Mehrzadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24214"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199305020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.7.2870"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar148"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21317"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1340412"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12267"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers","author":"Reiter RJ","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"Melatonin and vitamin E protects against sodium arsenite\u2010induced skeletal malformations in rats","volume":"3","author":"Khaksary Mahabady MK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Eurasian J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2003.02112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-079X.2003.00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2015-0277"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of the protective effects of melatonin and silymarin against gentamicin\u2010induced nephrotoxicity in rats","author":"Ghaznavi H","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"The modulatory role of melatonin on immune responsiveness","volume":"7","author":"Carrillo\u2010Vico A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12138"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12226"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12270"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(91)90018-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00150-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Post\u2010traumatic osteoarthritis: the role of accelerated chondrocyte senescence","volume":"41","author":"Martin JA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000143818.74887.b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777591129"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000144484.69656.e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200210000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609040200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790071001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.4.B324"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2214"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2003.00335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132815Y.0000000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1752"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1809"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20149"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10837"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23635"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-7249(01)00037-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200109000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90192-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(96)00162-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.6.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90046-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900300431"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769800300211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.6.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5548.1871"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198310000-00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10356"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53077-5","article-title":"Induction of macrophage metalloproteinases by extracellular matrix. Evidence for enzyme\u2010and substrate\u2010specific responses involving prostaglandin\u2010dependent mechanisms","volume":"268","author":"Shapiro SD","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","first-page":"1739","article-title":"Effects of indomethacin on the production of matrix metalloproteinase\u20103 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases\u20101 by human articular chondrocytes","volume":"23","author":"Yamada H","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00290-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2003.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005638200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.3.1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00054-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650071005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.20.11727"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11438"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(90)90206-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.2.690","article-title":"Production of hydrogen peroxide by rabbit articular chondrocytes. Enhancement by cytokines","volume":"145","author":"Tiku ML","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(85)90082-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050719"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M907604199"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(06)74016-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199805000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(08)60008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(96)80009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by nitric oxide","volume":"146","author":"Blanco FJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.15.7240"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021955"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20976"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3436"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02034-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.9.5411"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02040-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189809043005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar411"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.2060","article-title":"Production of interleukin\u20101 receptor antagonist, inflammatory chemotactic proteins, and prostaglandin E by rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synoviocytes\u2013regulation by IFN\u2010gamma and IL\u20104","volume":"152","author":"Seitz M","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Synovial membrane inflammation and cytokine production in patients with early osteoarthritis","volume":"24","author":"Smith MD","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90438-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10496"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Synthesis of metalloproteases and interleukin 6 (IL\u20106) in human osteoarthritic synovial membrane is an IL\u20101 mediated process","volume":"43","author":"Pelletier JP","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.3105cm1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/A132"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<195::AID-ANR24>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.09.110193.001533"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02064-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401189"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00116-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207556"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i13.1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.304022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600210"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.12.7843","article-title":"P38 Mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase mediates tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced apoptosis in rat fetal brown adipocytes 1","volume":"141","author":"Valladares A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.02-03-0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001185200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.10.3139"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152327199"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2000.0388"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061083"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200004)43:4<801::AID-ANR10>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(03)00180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-5-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","first-page":"2509","article-title":"Chondrocyte death in experimental osteoarthritis is mediated by MEK 1\/2 and p38 pathways: role of cyclooxygenase\u20102 and inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"28","author":"Pelletier JP","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099320"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1309"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.5.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-113571"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3210095"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-014-2187-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209126"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2010.00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104649"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102225200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M314219200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501069200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12170"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2014.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1579-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00856.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-42-4-752"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7074"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0719-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01923947"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)81008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00011.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12302"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90100-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12118"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12240"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666141209160556"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12189"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12199"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12132"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12196"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12202"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Medical implications of melatonin: receptor\u2010mediated and receptor\u2010independent actions","volume":"52","author":"Reiter RJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151017705"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2016.1091882"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071924"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.23.13757"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132612"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600455-MCP200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082100399"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1606"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383443a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5252.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000387"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609039200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1360605"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(01)00258-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2006.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206113200"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00355-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2953-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401688"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-011-9336-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(94)00154-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026023394443"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)00101-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00131-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012498"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90670-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00532-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19970601)65:3<430::AID-JCB12>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00085-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-011-9267-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097266"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108602"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12156"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2012.00991.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12143"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpi.12362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjpi.12362","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpi.12362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T10:00:37Z","timestamp":1695722437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpi.12362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]]},"references-count":221,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpi.12362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpi.12362","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3098","1600-079X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3098","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-079X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]]}}}