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This study reports the structural, functional and physiological characterization of five high\u2010affinity melatonin receptors (Mtnr1aa\u03b1, Mtnr1aa\u03b2, Mtnr1ab, Mtnr1al, Mtnr1b) in Atlantic salmon. Phylogenetic analysis clustered salmon melatonin receptors into three monophyletic groups, Mtnr1A, Mtnr1Al and Mtnr1B, but no functional representative of the Mtnr1C group. Contrary to previous studies in vertebrates, pharmacological characterization of four receptors in COS\u20107, CHO and SH\u2010SY5Y cell lines (Mtnr1Aa\u03b1, Mtnr1Aa\u03b2, Mtnr1Ab, Mtnr1B) showed\n                    <jats:italic>induction<\/jats:italic>\n                    of intracellular cAMP levels following 2\u2010iodomelatonin or melatonin exposure. No consistent response was measured after N\u2010acetyl\u2010serotonin or serotonin exposure. Melatonin receptor genes were expressed at all levels of the hypothalamo\u2010pituitary\u2010gonad axis, with three genes (\n                    <jats:italic>mtnr1aa\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mtnr1ab<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>mtnr1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) detected in the pituitary. Pituitary receptors displayed daily fluctuations in mRNA levels during spring, prior to the onset of gonadal maturation, but not in autumn, strongly implying a direct involvement of melatonin in seasonal processes regulated by the pituitary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cAMP induction mediated via melatonin receptors in a teleost species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T11:20:45Z","timestamp":1559820045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Melatonin receptors in Atlantic salmon stimulate cAMP levels in heterologous cell lines and show season\u2010dependent daily variations in pituitary expression levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elia","family":"Ciani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo 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Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0183-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berta","family":"Levavi\u2010Sivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5111-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Finn\u2010Arne","family":"Weltzien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences Oslo 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