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The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa\u2010B (NF\u03baB) homodimers, lacking transactivation domains, once induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), inhibits the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and the synthesis of noradrenaline (NA)\u2010induced melatonin. Interferon gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3), on the other hand, increases melatonin synthesis. Furthermore, this cytokine activates the signal transducer as well as the activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway, which was never evaluated as a melatonin synthesis modulator before. Reports demonstrated that IFN\u2010\u03b3 might also activate NF\u03baB. The present study evaluated the role of STAT1\u2010NF\u03baB crosstalk triggered by IFN\u2010\u03b3 regarding the regulation of NA\u2010induced pineal glands\u2019 hormonal production. Moreover, IFN\u2010\u03b3 treatment increased NA\u2010induced\n                    <jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription, in addition to the synthesis of N\u2010acetylserotonin (NAS) and melatonin. These effects were associated with STAT1 nuclear translocation, confirmed by the co\u2010immunoprecipitation of STAT1 and\n                    <jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter. Pharmacological STAT1 enhancement augmented NA\u2010induced\n                    <jats:italic>Aanat<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription as well as NAS and melatonin production. Additionally, IFN\u2010\u03b3 induced the nuclear translocation of RelA\u2010NF\u03baB subunits. The blockade of this pathway prevented IFN\u2010\u03b3 effects on the pineal function. The present data show that STAT1 and NF\u03baB crosstalk controls melatonin production through a synergistic mechanism, disclosing a new integrative mechanism regarding pineal hormonal activity control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T13:09:21Z","timestamp":1564405761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["STAT1\u2010NF\u03baB crosstalk triggered by interferon gamma regulates noradrenaline\u2010induced pineal hormonal production"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Leila Eliza","family":"Barbosa Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra 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