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As a major hormone of the pineal gland, melatonin exerts many beneficial effects on TBI, but there is no information regarding the effects of melatonin on ferroptosis after TBI. As expected, TBI resulted in the time\u2010course changes of ferroptosis\u2010related molecules expression and iron accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex. Importantly, we found that treating with melatonin potently rescued TBI induced the changes mentioned above and improved functional deficits versus vehicle. Similar results were obtained with a ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin\u20101. Moreover, the protective effect of melatonin is likely dependent on melatonin receptor 1B (MT2). Although ferritin plays a vital role in iron metabolism by storing excess cellular iron, its precise function in the brain, and whether it involves melatonin's neuroprotection remain unexplored. Considering ferritin H (Fth) is expressed predominantly in the neurons and global loss of <jats:italic>Fth<\/jats:italic> in mice induces early embryonic lethality, we then generated neuron\u2010specific <jats:italic>Fth<\/jats:italic> conditional knockout (<jats:italic>Fth<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO) mice, which are viable and fertile but have altered iron metabolism. In addition, <jats:italic>Fth<\/jats:italic>\u2010KO mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis after TBI, and the neuroprotection by melatonin was largely abolished in <jats:italic>Fth\u2010<\/jats:italic>KO mice. In vitro siFth experiments further confirmed the results mentioned above. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin produces cerebroprotection, at least partly by inhibiting neuronal <jats:italic>Fth\u2010<\/jats:italic>mediated ferroptosis following TBI, supporting the notion that melatonin is an excellent ferroptosis inhibitor and its anti\u2010ferroptosis provides a potential therapeutic target for treating TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T22:21:20Z","timestamp":1605738080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["Deletion of <i>ferritin H<\/i> in neurons counteracts the protective effect of melatonin against traumatic brain injury\u2010induced ferroptosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Tongyu","family":"Rui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou 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