{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:59:03Z","timestamp":1791644343058,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":284,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone\u2010protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T08:14:52Z","timestamp":1622794492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Fahima","family":"Munmun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Duquesne University School of Pharmacy  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1844-4457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A.","family":"Witt\u2010Enderby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences Duquesne University School of Pharmacy  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1831821a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx240"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2007.9.3\/slockley"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2011.00856.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470720981.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010002\u20100580\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166\u20104328(96)00083\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.131.3409.1312"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5242.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666161228122115"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.2.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730404267340"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:27:2:101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304\u20104165(99)00125\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u2010079x.2000.280401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Medical implications of melatonin: receptor\u2010mediated and receptor\u2010independent actions","volume":"52","author":"Reiter RJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC\u201015\u20100030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12224"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800449115"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705768114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2011.00909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)61934-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2000.tb05402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00011.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026023394344"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2010.00773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2006.00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.13.7037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165\u20105728(98)00179\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253360"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10\u2010154450"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12162"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010013\u20102404\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04151206"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Circadian Rhythms and Their Impact on Aging. Healthy Ageing and Longevity","author":"Witt\u2010Enderby PA","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190412331279890"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211386200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092\u20108674(01)00622\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2011.00875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201708010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007\u20100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01658"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513500306"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2165"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914\u2010007\u20100024\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.6.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900256"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.3.4627"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650071110"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Influence of lighting conditions on daily rhythm of bone metabolism in rats and possible involvement of melatonin and other hormones in this process","volume":"37","author":"Ostrowska Z","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.31.22041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2010.00784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2010.00803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u2010079x.2003.00028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa115"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079x.1986.tb00760.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2012.01007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0024\u20103205(01)01431\u2010x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Constructive effect of exogenous melatonin against osteoporosis after ovariectomy in rats","volume":"29","author":"Uslu S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756\u20103282(02)00791\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010017\u20104162\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00004148"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010015\u20103154\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","unstructured":"International Osteoporosis Foundation.https:\/\/www.iofbonehealth.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070064"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.12.1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070902"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010015\u20100093\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2011.00956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b11101-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/830231"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2006.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011\u20102750"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.6.428"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010008\u20100729\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010013\u20109779\u20106"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_95_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Assessment of the relationship between circadian variations of salivary melatonin levels and type I collagen metabolism in postmenopausal obese women","volume":"22","author":"Ostrowska Z","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510377791"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167\u2010065X.1000115"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.058255"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u2010079x.2001.280207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0531\u20105565(98)00054\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201066\u20103\u2010648"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.6.6660"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201055\u20101\u201027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00054"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046196"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11089"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_108_1","first-page":"351","article-title":"Melatonin and immune function: hype or hypothesis?","volume":"22","author":"Hotchkiss AK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/670294"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296\u2010007\u20100452\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010010\u20109393\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920007780866852"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104614\u20100106\u20103_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0891\u20105849(01)00610\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.12.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102004\u201009\u20103662"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12465"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101158"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.11.1948"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3240753"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080609"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000048929"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53a.4.b293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0531\u20105565(00)00217\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350188"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2006.00410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.74.3.1740481"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.74.3.1740479"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem\u201072\u20102\u2010367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2009.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/845180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010018\u20100428\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181a3cdaf"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_140_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: melatonin as a differentiation factor","volume":"12","author":"Zaminy A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2012.01016.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10538"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_5_143_1","first-page":"4446","article-title":"Melatonin promotes osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in aged rats","volume":"21","author":"Chu ZM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00013.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079x.1999.tb00603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.7.1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u2010079x.2002.02953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061142"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14972"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12423"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_155_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"The relationship between bone metabolism, melatonin and other hormones in sham\u2010operated and pinealectomized rats","volume":"37","author":"Ostrowska Z","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u201012\u2010271"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600\u2010079x.2003.00109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B1.7822371"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2005.00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2011.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20107757\u20102017\u20100470"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2013.1542"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12942"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419900"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-010-0027-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/PPAR\/2006\/27489"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1402.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_168_1","volume-title":"Expression of Glucose Transporter\u20104 by the Osteoblast Is Required for Global Glucose Metabolism","author":"Li Z","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00695.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2296"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b11101-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010017\u20104127\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.10.1108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010006\u20100135\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.01.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_178_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Bone fragility: current reviews and clinical features","volume":"6","author":"Tranquilli Leali P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2010.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201013\u20101204"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.820740"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017\u201001147"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09291010701233775"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.11.5962"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsi003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382810a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010physiol\u2010021115\u2010105102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2011.00934.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382448a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.8.1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774\u2010002\u20100408\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2730"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092\u20108674(00)80258\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2007.0334"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2011.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011527"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109501"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201054806\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2005.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727\u2010157\u201040000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007\u20101009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079x.1989.tb00436.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_209_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Is low melatonin a cause?","volume":"67","author":"Sadat\u2010Ali M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14036345"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020\u2010014\u20100493\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/ccmbm\/2017.14.1.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35041687"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409332200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114485"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079x.1993.tb00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0009\u20108981(00)00422\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2005.00295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2004.00181.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1832"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753\u2010016\u20100347\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4019619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u2010775720150570"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150541"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp\u20102016\u20100409"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24582"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.26314"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011\u2010019\u201001893\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319190008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12133"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.9.685"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.12.1537"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079X.2005.00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276\u2010005\u20100065\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1487927"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010002\u20101049\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.3.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914\u2010003\u20100009\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007740070007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10352"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.8.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064753"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.07.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595\u2010004\u20102879\u20101"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_5_251_1","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Melatonin reduces acute lung injury in endotoxemic rats","volume":"122","author":"Shang Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.11.7739"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753\u20104887.2007.tb00353.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502023320506"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742\u20104933\u20102\u201014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.5.7445"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.2.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23394"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.7.2398"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004\u20102235"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756\u20103282(01)00682\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010079x.1999.tb00566.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2005.tb00046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_265_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174474"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15\u2010273656"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_270_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_271_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12414"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_272_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1297\u2010319X(03)00131\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102125.2007.02911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2002.tb04226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_277_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.1999.tb07645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_278_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152609788922546"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_279_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1996.1.1.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_281_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374940080022801"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_282_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2007.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_283_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_284_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_285_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2167\u2010065X.1000132"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12763","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpi.12749","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jpi.12749","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpi.12749","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T19:30:38Z","timestamp":1692819038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpi.12749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]]},"references-count":284,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpi.12749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpi.12749","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/jpi.12763","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0742-3098","1600-079X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3098","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-079X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12749"}}