{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:42:12Z","timestamp":1791477732491,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute effects of exogenous melatonin have been widely reported to promote sleep or induce drowsiness in human. However, testing of the hypnotic effects of melatonin in nocturnal rodents has yielded contradictory results. The latter may be associated with differences in concentration, lighting conditions, time of administration of melatonin, and possibly the type of analysis. In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram\u00a0were recorded in pigmented male Brown Norway rats under both light\u2010dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a moderate dose of 3\u2009mg\/kg, at either 1\u2009h after lights on under LD condition or 1\u2009h after the activity offset under DD condition. The dosage is known to be able to entrain nocturnal rodents in DD conditions, but does not change sleep in rodents in LD. Only the rats under DD conditions showed a significant reduction in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep latency, while the NREM sleep power spectrum remained unaffected. Under LD condition, melatonin did not alter NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and had only minor effects on the NREM sleep EEG. Regardless of lighting conditions, melatonin administration resulted in less, but longer episodes for all vigilance states suggesting increased vigilance state consolidation. In the discussion, we compare our results with a summary of previously published data concerning the hypnotic effects of melatonin in polysomnographic\/EEG\u2010confirmed\u00a0sleep in humans and nocturnal rodents. In conclusion, the hypnotic effect of exogenous melatonin in nocturnal rodents not only depends on the time of day, and concentration, but is also influenced by the lighting conditions. Regardless of inducing sleep or not, melatonin may consolidate sleep and through that enhance sleep quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T06:11:01Z","timestamp":1701324661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hypnotic effects of melatonin depend on the environmental lighting conditions in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6402-6248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Deboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90488-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00084"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Development of melatonin production in infants and the impact of prematurity","volume":"75","author":"Kennaway DJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.75.2.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2002.02925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2017.1315864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.11.1445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.12.1605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00222-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/jcr.ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80350-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/24.4.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2676-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2010.00844.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1994.tb00078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90793-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(98)90020-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2001.280309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Melatonin and the Pineal Gland, from Basic Science to Clinical Application","author":"Redman JR","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049601100204"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Strain differences in the sleep of rats","volume":"10","author":"Rosenberg RS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep4020023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.3.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1997.tb00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-3-1585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1984.tb00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25950-0_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357021729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)01045-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1982.tb09194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2001.00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00125-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.11.061"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","first-page":"512","article-title":"Sleep\u2010inducing pharmaceuticals: a comparison of melatonin, zaleplon, zopiclone, and temazepam","volume":"75","author":"Paul MA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.2.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12517-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1996.t01-1-00006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00554-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","first-page":"R1189","article-title":"Melatonin and S\u201020098 increase REM sleep and wake\u2010up propensity without modifying NREM sleep homeostasis","volume":"272","author":"Cajochen C","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1998.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.5.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2021.1928115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-170019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01991-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12748"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jpi.12928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:20:36Z","timestamp":1712586036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jpi.12928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jpi.12928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpi.12928","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3098","1600-079X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3098","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-079X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12928"}}