{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:36:19Z","timestamp":1791466579717,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pineal Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atrazine (ATR) is a widespread environmental herbicide that seriously affects agricultural work and human safety. Melatonin (MLT) as an endogenous neuroendocrine hormone is widely found in animals and plants, which have antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. Pink1\/Parkin\u2010mediated mitophagy keeps normal physiological processes by degrading damaged mitochondria in cells. Therefore, we investigated the potential role and mechanism of MLT in ATR\u2010induced toxic injury of the spleen. The results showed that MLT alleviated ATR\u2010induced unclear boundary between the white pulp and the red pulp of the spleen. It is also shown that ATR resulted in swollen mitochondria, partial extinction of mitochondrial membranes and cristae, and increased mitophagy under the action of MLT. ATR\u2010induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates the Pink1\/Parkin pathway, which guides mitophagy development and then causes the activation of TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB inflammatory pathway. Meanwhile, these damages further exacerbated the production of NLRP3 inflammasomes, leading to spleen necrosis. Interestingly, these changes were improved after MLT treatment. Collectively, we found that MLT alleviates ATR\u2010induced immune impairment in splenic macrophages via regulating Parkin\u2010TLR4\u2010NLRP3 axis which elucidates the effect of melatonin on the spleen and provides a novel perspective on melatonin in splenic inflammatory injury treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T02:46:12Z","timestamp":1733712372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Parkin\u2010TLR4\u2010NLRP3 Axis Directs Melatonin to Alleviate Atrazine\u2010Induced Immune Impairment in Splenic Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 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