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Most pregnancy\u2010associated hormones vary in their overall level of release throughout pregnancy, but also have a circadian release pattern, including progesterone, oxytocin, and melatonin. It remains poorly understood how the circadian release of hormones impacts uterine function. To determine how time\u2010of\u2010day, mouse strain, and melatonin proficiency were associated with the uterotonic efficacy of oxytocin, the primary hormone promoting uterine contractions, we used melatonin\u2010deficient C57BL\/6 and melatonin\u2010proficient CBA\/C57BL\/6 (CBA\/B6) female mice on gestation day 18. Through RNAscope, we found that oxytocin receptor (\n                    <jats:italic>Oxtr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mRNA exhibited a time\u2010of\u2010day variation that differed between the uterine endometrium and myometrium. This uterine layer\u2010specific, time\u2010of\u2010day difference in\n                    <jats:italic>Oxtr<\/jats:italic>\n                    was associated with a shift in phase of the molecular clock reporter PER2::Luciferase. A strain\u2010specific effect of PER2::Luciferase rhythms were observed in the uterus, where CBA\/B6 had a shorter PER2::Luciferase period than C57BL\/6. In addition, CBA\/B6 uteri had lower spontaneous uterine contraction force compared to C57BL\/6. Despite the difference in spontaneous contractions and circadian period, the capacity of oxytocin to induce contractions varied by time\u2010of\u2010day, independent of mouse strain. Together, these findings reveal that uterine responsiveness to oxytocin is gated by circadian time, with\n                    <jats:italic>Oxtr<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression and uterine contractions showing diurnal variation. At the same time, mouse strain was associated with PER2::Luciferase period and baseline uterine contractility. These results underscore the relevance of circadian timing in uterine physiology and that strain differences impact basal uterine function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:26:22Z","timestamp":1769685982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Time\u2010of\u2010Day Impacts Uterine Circadian Rhythms and Response to Oxytocin: Comparison of Uterine Function in Melatonin\u2010Deficient C57BL\/6 Versus Melatonin Proficient CBA\/B6 Hybrid Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8617-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thu Van\u2010Quynh","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan 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