{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:50:51Z","timestamp":1793731851686,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]],"date-time":"2018-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008069","name":"University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Accessible summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is known on the subject?<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has existed worldwide for nearly 80\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>ECT is a fast\u2010working and potentially life\u2010saving treatment, but it is considered controversial. Although frequently mentioned, stigmatization in relation to ECT has not been systematically explored so far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What this paper adds to existing knowledge?<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This paper provides new insight into both recipient and expert perspectives on ECT. It identifies several issues of stigmatization related to ECT and suggests that full recovery following ECT might be jeopardized due to both stigmatization <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic> self\u2010stigmatization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The study suggests that most of the stigmatizing behaviors can be ascribed to (a lack of) available knowledge of and experience with ECT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the implications for practice?<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Being aware of and listening to the needs of former ECT\u2010recipients seems essential to increase their treatment options and support care as well as a will to prioritize this patient group. For example, by addressing the potential stigma issues in follow\u2010up groups and helping to distribute sober, factual information about ECT in society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Providing written information and psychoeducation for patients and relatives before, during, and after ECT, in addition to supporting active use of diaries, might be valuable remedies for helping patients feel adequately informed and able to accept the pros and cons of ECT during and after treatment period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has existed worldwide for nearly 80\u00a0years. Although fast\u2010working and potentially life\u2010saving treatment, ECT is regarded as a strongly controversial treatment and stigmatization is frequently mentioned in relation to it. However, no systematic research in this area has taken place so far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and attitudes of former recipients of ECT and of experts professionally involved with ECT to identify potential stigmatization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two focus groups, one comprising four recipients of ECT and the other seven professional experts, were conducted. Data from each focus group were analyzed separately using a framework\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis yielded three major themes for the first focus group interview: ambivalent attitudes, discrediting and exclusion, and survival strategies and three major themes for the second focus group interview: dramatic depictions of ECT, an overlooked and rare treatment, and anti\u2010stigmatization strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and implications for practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors in relation to ECT are closely related to one's personal and factual knowledge, and there is a great need for multi\u2010facetted approaches if social acceptance and recognition are to be achieved. This study provides new knowledge on a scarcely examined area while also introducing suitable methods for anti\u2010stigmatization and empowerment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,14]],"date-time":"2018-05-14T16:45:42Z","timestamp":1526316342000},"page":"358-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The perspectives of former recipients and experts on stigmatization related to electroconvulsive therapy in Denmark: A focus group study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Iben Sylvia","family":"Kring","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Center Glostrup  Broendby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Daniella","family":"Bergholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Midtgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University Hospitals\u2019 Center of Health Research (UCSF) and Section of Social Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20080501-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Anderson J. 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