{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:30:19Z","timestamp":1790350219187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Syddansk Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Accessible summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is known on the subject<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>People with mental disorders have increased risk of dying from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are preventable by improved lifestyle regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and dietary behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Forensic mental health service users are treated for longer periods of time compared to non\u2010forensic mental health service users, giving the opportunity to affect the lifestyle for a substantial period of time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What the paper adds to existing knowledge<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This review gathers existing research on forensic mental health service users\u2019 lifestyle regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary behaviours and factors influencing it. The lifestyle was found to be unfavourable with many patients being smokers, having problematic alcohol consumption, being physically inactive and eating a diet of poor nutritional value and rich in calories. Therefore, it seems likely that an unfavourable lifestyle is one reason for the excess mortality from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Smoking cessation and improving dietary habits was perceived difficult, but nicotine replacement and practical advice was suggested to support a change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the implications for practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The treatment period gives an opportunity to improve the lifestyle of forensic mental health service users to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in this high\u2010risk group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We recommend a holistic approach, when planning the prevention activities, since activities that are perceived fun are more likely to succeed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with mental disorders have increased risk of dying from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, both of which can be prevented by lifestyle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review existing research, in order to investigate the characteristics of, and factors that influence forensic mental health service users\u2019 (FMU) health behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus for primary research on FMU\u2019s health behaviours regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and dietary behaviours, and factors that influence them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found 13 eligible studies. The findings consistently indicated the presence of unfavourable health behaviours in FMU: Smoking, problematic alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and a high\u2010calorie diet of poor nutritional value. Changing smoking and dietary habits was perceived as difficult, but nicotine replacement and practical advice were suggested to support change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existing research on FMU\u2019s health behaviours is sparse. In particular, there is a lack of research on factors that influence health behaviours. From our findings, it seems likely that FMU\u2019s unfavourable health behaviours contribute to their increased risk of dying from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>FMU\u2019s health behaviours should be improved to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in this high\u2010risk group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T06:46:28Z","timestamp":1601189188000},"page":"444-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Health behaviours of forensic mental health service users, in relation to smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary behaviours and physical activity\u2014A mixed methods systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5257-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Louise Winkler","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research unit Forensic Mental Health Department of Psychiatry Middelfart Region of Southern Denmark  Middelfart Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Nursing and Health Research Institute of Regional Health Research Faculty of Health Science University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Odense Patient data Explorative Network OPEN Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Rosendal","family":"Lindekilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research unit Forensic Mental Health Department of Psychiatry Middelfart Region of Southern Denmark  Middelfart Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjeld","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Odense Mental Health Service University Clinic Region of Southern Denmark  Middelfart Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hjorth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Nursing and Health Research Institute of Regional Health Research Faculty of Health Science University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Region of Southern Denmark  Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik Alkier","family":"Gildberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research unit Forensic Mental Health Department of Psychiatry Middelfart Region of Southern Denmark  Middelfart Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatric Nursing and Health Research Institute of Regional Health Research Faculty of Health Science University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4276\/030802212X13286281650992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1488320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5042\/amhid.2011.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.105.008342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software.Veritas Health Innovation. 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