{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T21:18:41Z","timestamp":1783718321295,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Accessible summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>What is known on the subject?<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence in psychiatric outpatient settings in the 2010s in spite of the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Previous research on violence in psychiatric outpatient settings has failed to consider the association between the psychological consequences of violence, exposures to violence and background factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What the paper adds to existing knowledge?<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It has been known for some time that exposures to violence are harmful for psychiatric inpatient nurses; the paper demonstrates that psychiatric outpatient nurses are also at risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The psychological consequences of exposure to violence are highly individualized and influenced by background factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nurses who face harassment have a greater risk of suffering psychological symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>What are the implications for practice?<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>De\u2010escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Organizations should consider the possibility of internal violence occurring when planning preventive interventions to manage and reduce workplace violence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Education targeted at violence prevention, management and debriefing should be organized systematically in psychiatric outpatient units and be taken into consideration in the mental health nursing curriculum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a scarcity of studies concerning violence and its consequences in psychiatric outpatient setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore the occurrence of workplace violence and the psychological consequences of exposure to violence among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research followed a cross\u2010sectional survey design. Data were collected with the VIA\u2010Q instrument.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the 12\u00a0months prior to the study, nurses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0181) had most often experienced psychological violence, with fatigue being the most common consequence. Harassment most often caused feelings of violated integrity, whereas physical violence most often caused insomnia. Significant relationships between exposure to violence and psychological consequences were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Workplace violence can manifest in a broad array of psychological symptoms and be harmful for nurses in psychiatric outpatient settings. It is important to discuss the subject of workplace violence and its place in the nursing curriculum and to reflect on how nurses are educated and trained to face violence in psychiatric nursing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>De\u2010escalation interventions should be implemented in psychiatric outpatient settings. Organizations should take steps to abolish internal violence. Nurses need appropriate education in order to prepare them to manage workplace violence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T16:30:20Z","timestamp":1607704220000},"page":"706-720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Occurrence of workplace violence and the psychological consequences of it among nurses working in psychiatric outpatient settings"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni","family":"Konttila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management Medical Research Center University of Oulu Finland  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"University Hospital of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arja","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Research Foundation\/The Finnish Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Health Care: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna\u2010Mari","family":"Pesonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centria University of Applied Sciences  Kokkola Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helvi","family":"Kyng\u00e4s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management Medical Research Center University of Oulu Finland  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"University Hospital of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Ministry of social affairs and health, Finland","author":"Act on Specialized Medical Care","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-019-0314-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1369-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12573"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTN.0000000000000186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2006.00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2004.06.18.39.39.c3626"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2009.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"MAPA (management of actual or potential aggression)","author":"CPI","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"Scale development. 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