{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:31:54Z","timestamp":1787243514107,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychiatric nurses often work in high\u2010stress environments where they are frequently exposed to various forms of violence and aggression from patients. While the immediate physical consequences of violence are usually recognised, the psychological impacts, such as feelings of entrapment, self\u2010stigma and diminished empathy, are less understood but equally critical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to fill this gap by examining how different forms of violence exposure affect entrapment, self\u2010stigma and empathic care among psychiatric nurses, providing insights that can inform both practice and policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study utilised a descriptive correlational research design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted in two prominent psychiatric hospitals in Egypt, namely the Mental Health Hospital and Addiction in Benha City and Elmaamora for Psychiatric Medicine and Addiction in Alexandria. A convenience sample of 246 psychiatric nurses who filled out the Perception of Prevalence Aggression Scale, the Impact of Event Scale\u2010Revised, the Empathetic Care Scale, the Scale for Assessing the Stigma of Mental Illness in Nursing and the Entrapment Scale was used for the study. Data collection spanned 3\u2009months, from June to August 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings reveal that perceived aggression is positively correlated with the impact of events (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.513,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and entrapment (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.160,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012) and negatively correlated with empathy (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.232,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The regression analyses show that verbal aggression, threatening verbal aggression, aggressive splitting behaviour, severe self\u2010directed violence and suicides are significant predictors of empathy, increasing its levels (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.509,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Stigma is negatively influenced by threatening verbal aggression, provocative aggressive behaviour, severe physical violence, mild violence against self and suicides but positively by passive\u2010aggressive behaviour (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.377,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results underscore the importance of addressing aggression in psychiatric settings to promote the well\u2010being and professional functioning of nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reporting Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STROBE is the relevant reporting method that has been adhered to.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T04:59:21Z","timestamp":1740200361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unveiling Hidden Trauma: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study of Violence Exposure and Its Impacts on Entrapment, Self\u2010Stigma and Empathic Care Among Psychiatric Nurses"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Hussein Ramadan","family":"Atta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Wadi Addawasir Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Alexandria University  Alexandria City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha Salah","family":"Eweida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing Alexandria University  Alexandria City Egypt"},{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Specialty, Department of Nursing, College of Health and Sport Sciences University of Bahrain  Manama City Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7127-4119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Albzia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences \u2013 Wadi Aldawasir Campus Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Wadi Addawasir Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Hashem","family":"El\u2010Monshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Specialty, Department of Nursing, College of Health and Sport Sciences University of Bahrain  Manama City Bahrain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing\u2010Mansoura University  Mansoura City Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona Mohamed Abdelaziz","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing, Benha University  Benha City 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