{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:05:11Z","timestamp":1784725511723,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mechanical restraint is the use of devices or equipment, such as bandages and ropes, to confine patients to a hospital bed, thereby restricting their movement. It is frequently employed in intensive care units to prevent falls and the removal of intravenous cannulas or other medical devices. Despite substantial empirical evidence of its adverse psychological and physiological effects, mechanical restraint remains a common practice, particularly among older adults experiencing delirium. Therefore, this dialogic narrative approach aimed to explore the lived experiences of a granddaughter witnessing the mechanical restraint of her beloved grandfather, who experienced delirium and was mechanically restrained on multiple occasions across two different hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive qualitative design underpinned by social constructionism was employed, using multiple semi\u2010structured interviews for data collection and a dialogic narrative approach to construct the granddaughter's narrative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This lived experience was conceptualised into five narratives: (1) Carers and the loved one, (2) Caring for the person, not the diagnosis, (3) Calling for the humanisation of ICUs, (4) Witnessing the tying up of my grandfather, (5) Exposing the status quo: Mechanical restraint as the first resort, and (6) Shattering the muscular man identity. The study used the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The carer's narrative reveals compelling evidence of the complexity surrounding the use of mechanical restraint to control disturbing behaviours among elderly patients with delirium in ICU environments. Although many carers might relate this study to their lived experiences, the transferability of this dialogic narrative remains limited to Hana and her family context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:20:39Z","timestamp":1784722839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carers\u2019 Lived Experience of Witnessing the Mechanical Restraint of Their Loved One: A Dialogical Narrative Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9889-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahani","family":"Hawsawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfie.2021.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744\u20106171.2010.00262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794112468475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2023.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102702.2009.02896.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process","author":"Crotty M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Mastering the Semi\u2010Structured Interview and Beyond: From Research Design to Analysis and Publication","author":"Galletta A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14687941241246159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"Experiences of Mental Health Recovery in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","author":"Hawsawi T.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.70179"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2025.2530022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12908"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506335117","volume-title":"Varieties of Narrative Analysis","author":"Holstein J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437211060984"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315588501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council.2018. \u201cAustralian Research Council andUniversities Australia. \u201cNational Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007 (updated 2018).\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/guidelines\/publications\/e72."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.790886","article-title":"Coercive Measures in Psychiatry: A Review of Ethical Considerations","volume":"12","author":"Nys H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.12067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","unstructured":"Scientific Software Development GmbH.2026.\u201cATLAS.ti.\u201dhttps:\/\/atlasti.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5294\/aqui.2025.25.2.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8010015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15889"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733018787228","article-title":"Empathy in the Nurse\u2010Patient Relationship in Geriatric Care: An Integrative Review","volume":"26","author":"Te\u00f3filo T. 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