{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:35:49Z","timestamp":1780367749236,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic>long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCPUFA<\/jats:styled-content>) supplementation has previously been shown to modify joint\u2010related inflammation in several species, although information in the horse is lacking. We investigated whether dietary supplementation with<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCPUFA<\/jats:styled-content>would modify experimentally induced synovitis in horses. Twelve, skeletally mature, non\u2010pregnant mares were randomly assigned to either a control diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CONT<\/jats:styled-content>) or an<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic>long\u2010chain fatty acid\u2010enriched treatment diet (N3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content>) containing 40\u00a0g\/day of<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCPUFA<\/jats:styled-content>for 91\u00a0days. Blood samples taken on days 0, 30, 60 and 90, and synovial fluid collected on days 0 and 90 were processed for lipid composition. On day 91, joint inflammation was stimulated using an intra\u2010articular (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IA<\/jats:styled-content>) injection of 100\u00a0ng of recombinant equine<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101beta (re<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>). Synovial fluid samples taken at post\u2010injection hours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content>) 0, 4, 8 and 24 were analysed for prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), matrix metalloproteinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>) activity and routine cytology. Synovium and articular cartilage samples collected at<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIH<\/jats:styled-content>8 were analysed for gene expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>1 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>13, interleukin\u20101beta (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), cyclooxygenase 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102), tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha and the aggrecanases, a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADAMTS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20104 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADAMTS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105. A 90\u2010day feeding period of<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCPUFA<\/jats:styled-content>increased serum phospholipid and synovial fluid lipid compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPA<\/jats:styled-content>) and docosahexaenoic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHA<\/jats:styled-content>) compared to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CONT<\/jats:styled-content>horses. The re<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>injection caused an inflammatory response; however, there was no effect of dietary treatment on synovial fluid<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content>2 content and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>activity. Synovial tissue collected from N3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content>horses exhibited lower expression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADAMTS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 compared to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CONT<\/jats:styled-content>horses. Despite the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPA<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DHA<\/jats:styled-content>in the synovial fluid of N3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content>horses, dietary<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCPUFA<\/jats:styled-content>supplementation did not modify synovial fluid biomarkers compared to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CONT<\/jats:styled-content>horses; however, the lower<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADAMTS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>expression in N3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FA<\/jats:styled-content>synovium warrants further investigation of<jats:italic>n\u20103<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LCPUFA<\/jats:styled-content>as a joint therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,20]],"date-time":"2015-07-20T05:19:14Z","timestamp":1437369554000},"page":"565-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Influence of an<i>n\u20103<\/i>long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acid\u2010enriched diet on experimentally induced synovitis in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"T. 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