{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:37:32Z","timestamp":1783039052433,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004759","name":"Isfahan University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The potential effect of dietary forage supplementation on the performance and rumen development in dairy calves is well established. However, limited research has been directed to the comparative effects of forage offering methods on calf performance. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of forage provision methods (total mixed ration or free choice) on the performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and nutritional behaviour in newborn calves. Forty\u2010five Holstein dairy calves (3\u00a0days of age and 41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00a0kg of body weight) were assigned to the following three groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015): (i) starter without forage provision (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content>), (ii) starter supplemented with 10% alfalfa hay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>) as a total mixed ration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMR<\/jats:styled-content>) and (iii) starter and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> as a free\u2010choice provision (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FC<\/jats:styled-content>) for a period of 70\u00a0days. All the calves were offered 5\u00a0l of milk\/day from day 3 to 50, and 2.5\u00a0l\/day from day 50 until weaning on day 56. Dry matter intake (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMI<\/jats:styled-content>) was greater (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FC<\/jats:styled-content> treatments than in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> during the pre\u2010 and post\u2010weaning periods. Calves fed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FC<\/jats:styled-content> diet showed the highest post\u2010weaning <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMI<\/jats:styled-content> among the treatments. The calves receiving <jats:italic>ad\u00a0libitum<\/jats:italic> forage tended (p\u00a0=\u00a00.08) to increase crude protein digestibility and overall volatile fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VFA<\/jats:styled-content>) concentrations in the rumen. No differences were observed among the treatments at the time spent on standing, lying, eating and performing non\u2010nutritive oral behaviours. Compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CON<\/jats:styled-content> calves, animals in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMR<\/jats:styled-content> treatment spent more time (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) ruminating. In conclusion, our data suggest that forage supplementation in both forage offering methods increased total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMI<\/jats:styled-content>, ruminal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> and ruminating time in dairy calves. Hence, there is no benefit in the free\u2010choice provision of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AH<\/jats:styled-content> in dairy calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T08:27:57Z","timestamp":1455265677000},"page":"820-827","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Effects of forage offering method on performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and nutritional behaviour in Holstein dairy calves"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"EbnAli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Khorvash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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