{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T17:00:12Z","timestamp":1775235612605,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted using 120 commercial broiler chicks (Ross 308) randomly allocated to two experimental groups. The experimental diets, differing only in protein source, either solvent\u2010extracted soya bean meal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBM<\/jats:styled-content>) or traditional (non\u2010genetically modified) full\u2010fat soya bean seeds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFS<\/jats:styled-content>), were prepared using practical corn\u2010based formulation designed to meet nutritional requirements of broilers. Performance parameters were monitored weekly. Also, the subjects were evaluated daily for overt changes in skeletal anatomy and gait physiology. Randomly selected chickens from each group (seven males and seven females) were euthanized at 2, 3, 4 and 6\u00a0weeks of age, and bone specimens were collected for further study. Bone mineral density (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>) and bone mineral content (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMC<\/jats:styled-content>) were determined in tibiotarsal bones. Broilers fed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFS<\/jats:styled-content> diet showed retarded growth rate and decreased feed intake (both p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMC<\/jats:styled-content> parameters were significantly lower (p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) in bones of chickens from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFS<\/jats:styled-content> group in comparison with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBM<\/jats:styled-content> group. The chickens fed the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFS<\/jats:styled-content> diet showed higher incidence of skeletal pathology including angular deformities and torticollis (both p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Of note, cases of torticollis were observed only in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFS<\/jats:styled-content> group. In many cases, skeletal abnormalities resulted in considerable changes in gait pattern, and in some instances, the pathology of leg bones was so advanced that the affected individuals were unable to walk, but this deformity was not seen in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SBM<\/jats:styled-content> group. From this study, it can be inferred that raw soya beans contain factors that have some specific detrimental effects on skeletal system of chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T09:08:27Z","timestamp":1454922507000},"page":"731-737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Skeletal response to diet with soya bean seeds used as primary source of protein in growing broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Olkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Siedlce Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Charuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Siedlce Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Radzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Animal Physiology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bie\u0144ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Animal Physiology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Toczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities Siedlce Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Mechanical properties of bones","volume":"52","author":"Baranowa D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Folia Veterinaria"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1628"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","volume-title":"Soybean and the Prevention of Chronic Human Disease. 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