{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:05:41Z","timestamp":1791821141686,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of milk thistle meal on performance, blood biochemical indices, ileal bacterial counts and intestinal histology in laying hens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy. A total number of 200 Leghorn laying hens (Hy\u2010Line W\u201036) were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with five cage replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four levels of milk thistle meal (0%, 15%, 30% and 60%) and two levels of AME<jats:sub><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> (11.09 and 12.34\u00a0MJ\/kg) fed over a period of 80\u00a0days. In vitro studies revealed that the total phenolic component of milk thistle meal was 470.64\u00a0mg gallic acid equivalent\/g of the sample, and its antioxidant activity for inhibiting the 2\u20102\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrichydrazyl free radical and reducing ferric ions was about 21% higher than that of butylated hydroxyltoluene (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Diets containing high level of AME<jats:sub><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> led to improved egg production (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), egg weight (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), egg mass (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01) and feed conversion ratio (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01). In addition, offering diets containing high energy significantly enhanced (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01) serum triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as jejunal villus height. Dietary supplementation of 3% milk thistle meal resulted in the best feed conversion ratio (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05), reduction of ileal <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> enumeration (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01) and an enhancement in the villus height\u2010to\u2010crypt depth ratio (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05). Furthermore, feeding incremental levels of this meal led to remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.01) concentrations while significant increase in blood high\u2010density lipoprotein content and goblet cell numbers (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a0.05). The present findings indicate that milk thistle meal with high antioxidant and antibacterial properties in laying hen diets may improve health indices and productive performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T09:38:59Z","timestamp":1497346739000},"page":"410-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of milk thistle meal on performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"N. S.","family":"Hashemi Jabali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5456-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. H.","family":"Mahdavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ansari Mahyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sedghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Ferdowsi University of Mashhad  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"867","article-title":"Study of the antimicrobial action of a turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract","volume":"23","author":"Allievi L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Industrie Alimentari"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"The effect of silibinin (Legalon) on the free radical scavenger mechanisms of human erythrocytes in vitro","volume":"80","author":"Altorjay I.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Hungarica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Official methods of alysis","author":"AOAC","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"2710","article-title":"Effects of powder and extract form of green tea and marigold, and \u03b1\u2010tocopheryl acetate on performance, egg quality and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens in late phase of production","volume":"5","author":"Ariana M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02536045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735407302349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.5.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.7.866.32723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2008.445.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(95)90024-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-015-0399-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/10715768709088078","article-title":"Effect of silibinin on the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase in lymphocytes from patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Feher J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Free Radical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0520064","article-title":"Effect of feeding different protein levels and of changing protein level on egg production","volume":"52","author":"Fernandez R.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Active plant extracts show promise in poultry production","volume":"45","author":"Francois R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poultry International"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.05.006","article-title":"Effects of different levels of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) on performance, intestinal microbial colonization, jejunal morphology, and immunocompetence of laying hens fed different n\u20106 to n\u20103 ratios","volume":"167","author":"Gandomani V. 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