{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T19:10:08Z","timestamp":1751656208488,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARAV","award":["Grant 2015-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 2015-2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although leopard geckos (<jats:italic>Eublepharis macularius<\/jats:italic>) are commonly kept under human care, their vitamin requirements are largely unknown. Many invertebrate preys display a low vitamin A concentration; thus, gut\u2010loading insects with vitamin A or carotenoids is a common practice. The objective of this prospective experimental study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with \u03b2\u2010carotene, including prey gut\u2010loading, leads to sufficient vitamin A hepatic storage and prevents epithelial squamous metaplasia development in leopard geckos. Ten clinically healthy female leopard geckos were randomly divided in two groups with various supplementations: a group receiving vitamin A supplementation and a group receiving \u03b2\u2010carotene. Insects were gut\u2010loaded continuously with a supplement containing vitamin A or \u03b2\u2010carotene, depending on the group. Oral supplementation with cod liver oil or carrot juice was administered weekly to each lizard from \u201cvitamin A group\u201d and \u201ccarotenoid group\u201d respectively. After 10\u00a0weeks of supplementation, surgical hepatic biopsies were obtained in three geckos of each group while the two remaining geckos were euthanized to undergo complete necropsy. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was determined for each lizard (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) by ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography. Histopathology revealed hepatocellular vacuolization and vitellogenic follicles in five females. Epithelial squamous metaplasia was not observed in any of the geckos. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was significantly higher in the carotenoid\u2010supplemented group than in the vitamin A\u2010supplemented group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). Our results suggest that in leopard geckos, dietary supplementation with \u03b2\u2010carotene allows sufficient vitamin A hepatic storage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T08:25:53Z","timestamp":1527150353000},"page":"1411-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of \u03b2\u2010carotene assimilation in leopard geckos (<i>Eublepharis macularius<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1308-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oph\u00e9lie","family":"Cojean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Medicine Service Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Lair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Medicine Service Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Vergneau\u2010Grosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Medicine Service Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Saint\u2010Hyacinthe QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1997.tb10089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1994.tb14665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2361(1998)17:2<123::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169327-X\/50010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Donn\u00e9es r\u00e9centes sur l'absorption et le catabolisme des carot\u00e9no\u00efdes","volume":"63","author":"Borel P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annales de Biologie Clinique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169327-X\/50063-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.713730x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2008.01534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3010063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"The influence of dietary vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A and insulin levels in sedentary or physically trained rats","volume":"12","author":"Debski B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169327-X\/50022-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098586700400301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<279::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5818\/1529-9651.15.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(97)00060-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Gould A. 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