{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:42:07Z","timestamp":1791258127874,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N N311 316736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N N311 316736"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mucins secreted by goblet cells (GC) are the major components of mucus layer coating and protecting gut epithelium. The study aimed at determining the effect of non\u2010essential amino acids (NEAA) and threonine (Thr) levels on GC number and mucus layer thickness measured in different parts of the gut. A two\u2010factorial experiment was conducted on 72 pigs (initial BW 12.5\u00a0kg) using as factors: Thr level (5.1, 5.7, 6.3 and 6.9\u00a0g standardized ileal digestible [SID] Thr\/kg) and wheat gluten (WG) level used as a source of NEAA (20.4, 40.4 and 60.4\u00a0g WG protein in WG20, WG40 and WG60 diets respectively). All diets covered the requirement for essential AA, except for Thr, and they were fed to six pigs for 20\u00a0days. Thr level affected only the count of GC containing acidic mucins in the proximal colon, which was higher in pigs fed a diet with 5.1\u00a0g SID Thr\/kg in comparison with diet containing 6.3\u00a0g SID Thr\/kg. In the villi, WG40 and\/or WG60 increased the GC number containing acidic mucins and lowered that with neutral mucins in the middle jejunum. In the crypts, higher WG levels decreased the GC number with acidic mucins in the duodenum, ileum and proximal colon and increased that with neutral and mixed mucins in the duodenum and ileum. The mucus layer was thicker in the proximal and middle jejunum in WG20 pigs, whereas in the proximal colon it was thicker in WG60 pigs. The lowest GC count was found in the middle jejunum and the highest in the duodenum and proximal colon. The mucus layer was the thinnest in the proximal and middle jejunum and the thickest in the ileum. The results did not show the negative effect of a moderate Thr deficiency and the positive effect of non\u2010essential AA supplementation on GC functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T04:54:41Z","timestamp":1554267281000},"page":"894-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Goblet cells and mucus layer in the gut of young pigs: Response to dietary contents of threonine and non\u2010essential amino acids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8752-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"\u015awi\u0119ch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences Jab\u0142onna Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tu\u015bnio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences Jab\u0142onna Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Barszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences Jab\u0142onna Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Taciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences Jab\u0142onna Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Siwiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences Jab\u0142onna Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.5.G922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2005.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.10.1752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.6.1131S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Mechanical challenge causes alternations of rat colonic mucosa and released mucins. 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