{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:35:35Z","timestamp":1769639735712,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002958","name":"Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present article was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. For this reason, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments. The experimental groups included: 1%\u20130.5% <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine (100\u00a0eggs), 2%\u20131% <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine (100\u00a0eggs), 3\u2010 control [included both sham control (injection of distilled water; 50\u00a0eggs) and control (no injection; 50\u00a0eggs)], which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, chicks of each experimental group (0.5% <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine, 1% <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine, and control groups) were randomly divided into four equal groups (as replicates) and reared for 30\u00a0days. Weight and feeding of chickens were recorded. Next, blood samples of chickens were collected on day 30 to evaluate antibody titre. Also, chickens were slaughtered on 24 and 30\u00a0days of the experiment to evaluate immune system organs and caecum microflora. Based on the results, in ovo injection of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine had no significant effect on hatchability, body weight, antibody titre, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). On the other hand, treatments significantly affected feed intake and feed conversion ratio (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). As a novel finding, in ovo injection of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine increased caecal <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01)<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> while decreasing <jats:italic>Coliform<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Escherichia Coli<\/jats:italic> bacteria (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01). However, treatments did not influence caecal <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.05). The overall results indicated that in ovo injection of 0.5% <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010arginine had a better improving effect on caecal microflora and then considered as a recommended level of the present experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T08:21:59Z","timestamp":1570350119000},"page":"178-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The impact of in ovo injection of <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Omidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9126-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marziyeh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Janmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamali","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zolfaghar","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Hosseintabar\u2010Ghasemabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"The effects of L\u2010arginine on growth, small intestine, and immune system of broilers in starter period","volume":"45","author":"Adibmoradi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v42i2.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"The impact of in ovo feeding with different L\u2010arginine to L\u2010 lysine ratios on small intestine histological characteristics and immune system organs in day\u2010old chicks","volume":"2","author":"Ebrahimi M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal Science Researches"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"The effect of L\u2010lysine in ovo feeding on body weight characteristics and small intestine morphology in a day\u2010old Ross broiler chicks","volume":"168","author":"Ebrahimi M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revue De Medecine Veterinaire"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"The effects of dietary L\u2010arginine on some parameters of meat quality, intestine histology and immune system of 46\u2010d old broiler chickens","volume":"26","author":"Ebrahimi M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal Science Researches"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2013.864381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"The effect of in ovo administration of L\u2010arginine on the hatchability and embryological development of broiler chicks","author":"Edwards N. 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