{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:48:35Z","timestamp":1777456115438,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Physiology Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recommendations for composition of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) for calves, particularly concerning Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, glucose, and their combined effect on tonicity, are not in line with guidelines for humans. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of ORS tonicity on water, mineral and acid\u2013base balance. Seventy\u2010two calves were selected based on the severity of dehydration and blood base excess (BE) on day 0. Five calves that did not develop diarrhoea were removed post\u2010inclusion from the study. Calves were allocated to blocks of four animals based on blood BE on day 1. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (a) hypotonic ORS with low Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and lactose (HYPO); (b) isotonic ORS with low Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and glucose (ISO); (c) hypertonic ORS with high Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and glucose (HYPER); and (d) control consisting of warm water including 5\u00a0g\/L of whey powder (CON). Treatments were administered twice daily over a 3\u2010day period, in which calves were offered 2.0\u00a0L of treatment at 1300 and 2100\u00a0hr. Calves were fed 2.5\u00a0L of milk replacer at 0700 and 1630\u00a0hr from day 1 to 3 and 3.0\u00a0L from day 4 to 5, and had access to water. Calves were monitored for 5\u00a0days in which measurements included intakes, BW, blood sampling and collection of faeces on day 1 and urine from day 1 to 3. All ORS treatments maintained normal serum Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, whereas CON did not. Calves in the HYPER group had lower blood pH and greater faecal Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> losses than HYPO and ISO. Plasma expansion relative to baseline was higher in low tonicity ORS (+4.8%) when compared with CON (+1.0%). Urine osmolality was 30% higher in HYPER calves. In this experiment, low tonicity ORS were more effective at restoring water, mineral and acid\u2013base balance than the hypertonic ORS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T08:53:45Z","timestamp":1593852825000},"page":"1655-1670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tonicity of oral rehydration solutions affects water, mineral and acid\u2013base balance in calves with naturally occurring diarrhoea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1725-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliette N.","family":"Wilms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trouw Nutrition R&amp;D Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juanita","family":"Echeverry\u2010Munera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Bioscience University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Engelking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural, Food &amp; Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7798-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel N.","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trouw Nutrition R&amp;D Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6757-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00edn\u2010Tereso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trouw Nutrition R&amp;D Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.09.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.613","article-title":"Multicenter, randomized, double\u2010blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salts solution in children with acute watery diarrhea","volume":"107","author":"Bhatnagar S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(96)80123-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-10949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740351106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2014.15.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2000.0553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Commission regulation laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed","volume":"54","author":"EC No 152\/2009","year":"2009","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Methods of analysis for the official control of feeding stuffs","volume":"155","author":"EEG 71\/250\/EEG","year":"1971","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(98)00136-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2008.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77018-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60436-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Urea and creatinine concentration, the urea:Creatinine ratio","author":"Higgins C.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Water quality \u2010 Determination of pH. 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